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The dynamics of molecular evolution of emerging avian reoviruses through accumulation of point mutations and genetic re-assortment
Virus Evolution ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa025
Lisanework E Ayalew 1 , Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed 1 , Zelalem H Mekuria 2 , Betty Lockerbie 1 , Shelly Popowich 1 , Suresh K Tikoo 3 , Davor Ojkic 4 , Susantha Gomis 1
Affiliation  

Abstract In the last decade, the emergence of variant strains of avian reovirus (ARV) has caused enormous economic impact in the poultry industry across Canada and USA. ARVs are non-enveloped viruses with ten segments of double-stranded RNA genome. So far, only six genotyping cluster groups are identified worldwide based on sequence analysis of the σC protein encoded by the S1 segment. In this study, we performed deep next generation whole-genome sequencing and analysis of twelve purified ARVs isolated from Saskatchewan, Canada. The viruses represent different genotyping cluster. A genome-wide sequence divergence of up to 25 per cent was observed between the virus isolates with a comparable and contrasting evolutionary history. The proportion of synonymous single-nucleotide variations (sSNVs) was higher than the non-synonymous (ns) SNVs across all the genomic segments. Genomic segment S1 was the most variable as compared with the other genes followed by segment M2. Evidence of positive episodic/diversifying selection was observed at different codon positions in the σC protein sequence, which is the genetic marker for the classification of ARV genotypes. In addition, the N-terminus of σC protein had a persuasive diversifying selection, which was not detected in other genomic segments. We identified only four ARV genotypes based on the most variable σC gene sequence. However, a different pattern of phylogenetic clustering was observed with concatenated whole-genome sequences. Together with the accumulation of point mutations, multiple re-assortment events appeared as mechanisms of ARV evolution. For the first time, we determined the mean rate of molecular evolution of ARVs, which was computed as 2.3 × 10−3 substitution/site/year. In addition, widespread geographic intermixing of ARVs was observed between Canada and USA, and between different countries of the world. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the complete genome of different genotyping clusters of ARVs including their molecular rate of evolution and spatial distribution. The new findings in this study can be utilized for the development of effective vaccines and other control strategies against ARV-induced arthritis/tenosynovitis in the poultry industry worldwide.

中文翻译:

新出现的禽呼肠孤病毒通过点突变积累和基因重组的分子进化动力学

摘要 在过去十年中,禽呼肠孤病毒 (ARV) 变异株的出现对加拿大和美国的家禽业造成了巨大的经济影响。ARV 是具有十个双链 RNA 基因组片段的无包膜病毒。到目前为止,基于对 S1 片段编码的 σC 蛋白的序列分析,全球仅鉴定了 6 个基因分型簇组。在这项研究中,我们对从加拿大萨斯喀彻温省分离的 12 种纯化 ARV 进行了深入的下一代全基因组测序和分析。病毒代表不同的基因分型簇。在具有可比性和对比性进化历史的病毒分离株之间观察到高达 25% 的全基因组序列差异。在所有基因组片段中,同义单核苷酸变异 (sSNV) 的比例高于非同义 (ns) SNV。与其他基因相比,基因组片段 S1 的变化最大,其次是片段 M2。在σC蛋白序列的不同密码子位置观察到阳性情节/多样化选择的证据,这是ARV基因型分类的遗传标记。此外,σC 蛋白的 N 端具有有说服力的多样化选择,这在其他基因组片段中未检测到。我们仅根据最可变的 σC 基因序列确定了四种 ARV 基因型。然而,在串联的全基因组序列中观察到了不同的系统发育聚类模式。再加上点突变的积累,多次重新分类事件作为 ARV 进化的机制出现。我们首次确定了 ARV 分子进化的平均速率,计算为 2.3 × 10−3 替代/位点/年。此外,在加拿大和美国之间以及世界不同国家之间观察到 ARV 的广泛地理混合。总之,该研究提供了对 ARV 不同基因分型簇的完整基因组的综合分析,包括它们的分子进化速率和空间分布。这项研究的新发现可用于开发全球家禽业中针对 ARV 诱导的关节炎/腱鞘炎的有效疫苗和其他控制策略。计算为 2.3 × 10−3 替代/站点/年。此外,在加拿大和美国之间以及世界不同国家之间观察到 ARV 的广泛地理混合。总之,该研究提供了对 ARV 不同基因分型簇的完整基因组的综合分析,包括它们的分子进化速率和空间分布。这项研究的新发现可用于开发全球家禽业中针对 ARV 诱导的关节炎/腱鞘炎的有效疫苗和其他控制策略。计算为 2.3 × 10−3 替代/站点/年。此外,在加拿大和美国之间以及世界不同国家之间观察到 ARV 的广泛地理混合。总之,该研究提供了对 ARV 不同基因分型簇的完整基因组的综合分析,包括它们的分子进化速率和空间分布。这项研究的新发现可用于开发全球家禽业中针对 ARV 诱导的关节炎/腱鞘炎的有效疫苗和其他控制策略。该研究对 ARV 不同基因分型簇的完整基因组进行了全面分析,包括它们的分子进化速度和空间分布。这项研究的新发现可用于开发全球家禽业中针对 ARV 诱导的关节炎/腱鞘炎的有效疫苗和其他控制策略。该研究对 ARV 不同基因分型簇的完整基因组进行了全面分析,包括它们的分子进化速度和空间分布。这项研究的新发现可用于开发全球家禽业中针对 ARV 诱导的关节炎/腱鞘炎的有效疫苗和其他控制策略。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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