Heat stress (HS) occupies huge importance nowadays as it leads to severe economic losses especially in livestock. Preserving sheep against HS is one of the governmental scopes where it represents huge percentage of global ruminant. The present research was conducted to study semen quality, some stress and inflammatory markers in Ossimi rams under both hot and mild climatic conditions. The current study was conducted on selected 46 ram samples divided into two groups during summer and winter. Semen analysis, testosterone (TES), cortisol (COR) and blood glucose (BG) levels, and lipid and protein profiles were done. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3 (TIMP‐3), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and specific activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed. The results in summer compared to winter revealed significant elevation of total defects and number of dead sperms; however, there was reduction in sperm total motility and concentration and external epididymal tail duct diameter. Histological study of epididymal tail lumen exhibited azoospermia. Further, TES, TIMP‐3 and GSH levels were decreased and COR, TNF‐α, NO and MDA were raised. Specific activities of GPx and SOD were also declined. Additionally, there was a significant increase in concentrations of BG and lipid profiles except high‐density lipoprotein. Our data concluded that there were new insights into TNF‐α and TIMP‐3 as biomarkers can be used in diagnosis of sheep suffering from HS, but further studies are recommended to do in future work about such aspect.

中文翻译：

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热应力暴露对Ossimi ram精液品质，抗氧化防御系统，TNF-α和TIMP-3的影响。

如今，由于热应激（HS）导致严重的经济损失，尤其是在畜牧业中，因此占有极大的重要性。保护绵羊免受HS侵害是政府的职责之一，在全球反刍动物中占很大的比例。目前的研究是为了研究奥西米的精液质量，一些压力和炎症标志物公羊在炎热和温和的气候条件下都可以。当前的研究是针对46个在夏季和冬季分为两组的公羊样品进行的。进行了精液分析，睾丸激素（TES），皮质醇（COR）和血糖（BG）水平以及脂质和蛋白质谱。肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α），金属蛋白酶-3（TIMP-3）的组织抑制剂，一氧化氮（NO），丙二醛（MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的浓度以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和评估超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。与冬季相比，夏季的结果表明总缺陷和死精数量显着增加。然而，精子的总运动力和浓度以及外附睾尾管直径有所减少。附睾尾腔的组织学研究显示无精症。此外，TES，TIMP-3和GSH水平降低，COR，TNF-α，NO和MDA升高。GPx和SOD的比活性也下降了。此外，除高密度脂蛋白外，BG的浓度和血脂也显着增加。我们的数据得出结论，由于可以将生物标志物用于诊断患有HS的绵羊，因此对TNF-α和TIMP-3有了新的见解，但建议在以后的工作中对此做进一步的研究。