This paper introduces the Flexible Global Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Land System Model: Grid‐Point Version 3 (FGOALS‐g3) and evaluates its basic performance based on some of its participation in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) experiments. Our results show that many significant improvements have been achieved by FGOALS‐g3 in terms of climatological mean states, variabilities, and long‐term trends. For example, FGOALS‐g3 has a small (−0.015°C/100 yr) climate drift in 700‐yr preindustrial control (piControl) runs and smaller biases in climatological mean variables, such as the land/sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and seasonal soil moisture cycle, compared with its previous version FGOALS‐g2 during the historical period. The characteristics of climate variabilities, for example, Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) eastward/westward propagation ratios, spatial patterns of interannual variability of tropical SST anomalies, and relationship between the East Asian Summer Monsoon and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are well captured by FGOALS‐g3. In particular, the cooling trend of globally averaged surface temperature during 1940–1970, which is a challenge for most CMIP3 and CMIP5 models, is well reproduced by FGOALS‐g3 in historical runs. In addition to the external forcing factors recommended by CMIP6, anthropogenic groundwater forcing from 1965 to 2014 was incorporated into the FGOALS‐g3 historical runs.

中文翻译：

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灵活的全球海洋-大气-陆地系统模型网格点版本3（FGOALS-g3）：描述和评估

本文介绍了灵活的全球海洋-大气-陆地系统模型：网格点版本3（FGOALS-g3），并基于其参与耦合模型比对项目（CMIP6）实验第六阶段的一些评估，评估了其基本性能。我们的结果表明，FGOALS-g3在气候平均状态，变异性和长期趋势方面取得了许多显着改善。例如，FGOALS-g3在700年前的工业化前期控制（piControl）运行中的气候漂移较小（-0.015°C / 100 yr），气候平均变量（如陆/海表面温度（SSTs）和与历史时期的早期版本FGOALS-g2相比，季节性土壤水分循环。例如，气候变化的特征 FGOALS-g3很好地记录了马登—朱利安振荡（MJO）的东/西向传播比，热带海表温度异常年际变化的空间格局以及东亚夏季风和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）之间的关系。特别是，FGOALS-g3在历史运行中很好地再现了1940-1970年全球平均表面温度的降温趋势，这对大多数CMIP3和CMIP5模型都是一个挑战。除了CMIP6建议的外部强迫因素外，FGOALS-g3历史运行还纳入了1965年至2014年的人为地下​​水强迫。特别是，FGOALS-g3在历史运行中很好地再现了1940-1970年全球平均表面温度的降温趋势，这对大多数CMIP3和CMIP5模型都是一个挑战。除了CMIP6建议的外部强迫因素外，FGOALS-g3历史运行还纳入了1965年至2014年的人为地下​​水强迫。特别是，FGOALS-g3在历史运行中很好地再现了1940-1970年全球平均表面温度的降温趋势，这对大多数CMIP3和CMIP5模型都是一个挑战。除了CMIP6建议的外部强迫因素外，FGOALS-g3历史运行还纳入了1965年至2014年的人为地下​​水强迫。