Reproductive experience can impact how individuals allocate time and energy to reproduction and generate differences in reproductive behavior that leads to experience dependent variation in reproductive success. In order to understand if individual variation in parental behavior is related to environmental temperature and breeding experience, we observed the timing and duration of the first morning off bout in a wild, open cup nesting passerine bird during the incubation and early nestling period. We compared incubation behaviors and nest temperature of inexperienced (second year = first breeding season) and experienced (after second year) female hooded warblers Setophaga citrina. Females left the nest earlier on colder mornings suggesting an energetic constraint due to the long overnight on bout during colder temperatures. During incubation, females increased the duration of the first morning off bout with increasing temperature. Similarly, during the early nestling period, experienced females had shorter off bout duration on colder mornings and increased duration with warmer temperatures. In contrast, inexperienced females increased off bout duration with colder morning temperatures. Experienced females maintained higher nest temperatures and higher minimum nest temperatures compared to inexperienced females. We also found evidence that experienced females nested in microhabitats with higher minimum morning temperature which may buffer older females from colder daily extremes and enable older females to maintain higher nest temperatures. While we found no relationship between incubation and brooding behaviors and fledging success, the proportion of the clutch that hatched was positively related to minimum nest temperature. The ability of experienced females to maintain higher minimum nest temperatures and to adjust brooding behaviors during colder mornings is a potential mechanism that has consequences for nestling condition in a wild population. Our results highlight the need to examine experience‐related parental care behaviors in responding to environmental variation.

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经验数据：女性年龄在早晨孵化和育雏行为与温度的关系中的作用

生殖经验会影响个人如何分配时间和精力进行生殖，并在生殖行为上产生差异，从而导致生殖成功的经验依赖性变化。为了了解父母行为的个体差异是否与环境温度和繁殖经验有关，我们观察了在孵化期和早期筑巢期的野生，开放杯筑巢式雀形目鸟的第一个清晨回合的时间和持续时间。我们比较了经验不足（第二年=第一繁殖季节）和经验丰富（第二年之后）雌性带帽莺莺Setophaga citrina的孵化行为和巢温。。雌性在较冷的早晨较早时离开巢穴，这表明存在精力旺盛的限制，因为在较冷的温度下回头时间较长。在孵化过程中，雌性随着温度的升高而延长了第一个早晨的发作时间。同样，在早期的雏鸟时期，经验丰富的雌性在较冷的早晨的回合持续时间较短，而温度较高则持续时间较长。相反，缺乏经验的雌性在早晨温度较低的情况下增加回合持续时间。与没有经验的雌性相比，有经验的雌性保持较高的巢温和较高的最低巢温。我们还发现有证据表明，经验丰富的雌性以较高的最低早晨温度筑巢在微栖息地中，这可以使年长的雌性免受日冷的极端影响，并使年长的雌性保持较高的巢温。虽然我们没有发现孵化和孵化行为与成年成功之间有任何关系，但是孵化的离合器的比例与最低巢温度呈正相关。有经验的雌性维持较高的最低巢温度和在较冷的早晨调节巢行为的能力是可能对野生种群中的巢状况产生影响的潜在机制。我们的研究结果强调，有必要检查与经验相关的父母照料行为，以应对环境变化。虽然我们没有发现孵化和孵化行为与成年成功之间有任何关系，但是孵化的离合器的比例与最低巢温度呈正相关。有经验的雌性维持较高的最低巢温度和在较冷的早晨调整巢育行为的能力是可能对野生种群中的筑巢状况产生影响的潜在机制。我们的研究结果强调，有必要检查与经验相关的父母照料行为，以应对环境变化。虽然我们没有发现孵化和孵化行为与成年成功之间有任何关系，但是孵化的离合器的比例与最低巢温度呈正相关。有经验的雌性维持较高的最低巢温度和在较冷的早晨调整巢育行为的能力是可能对野生种群中的筑巢状况产生影响的潜在机制。我们的研究结果强调，有必要检查与经验相关的父母照料行为，以应对环境变化。有经验的雌性维持较高的最低巢温度和在较冷的早晨调整巢育行为的能力是可能对野生种群中的筑巢状况产生影响的潜在机制。我们的结果强调需要检查与经验相关的父母照料行为以应对环境变化。有经验的雌性维持较高的最低巢温度和在较冷的早晨调整巢育行为的能力是可能对野生种群中的筑巢状况产生影响的潜在机制。我们的结果强调需要检查与经验相关的父母照料行为以应对环境变化。