Rice (Oryza sativa L.) pollen grains are highly sensitive to extreme temperatures. Studies on the proteomic analysis of pollen at different developmental stages are limited. In this study, to identify proteins expressed during pollen development, we performed shotgun proteomic analysis of rice anthers harvested at 8, 3, and 0 days before heading (DBH). A total of 4509 non-redundant proteins were identified in rice anthers at each of the three time points with three replications per time point. Among these, 2968 proteins were reproducible, of which 1919 were specifically expressed at a given stage of anther development. Clustering and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses categorized the specifically expressed proteins into four groups. Group I comprised proteins involved in cell differentiation, reproduction, and stress response; Group II contained proteins related to cell growth and carbohydrate metabolic process; Group III included proteins related to starch accumulation and lipid metabolic process; Group IV comprised proteins related to structure morphogenesis and cellular components. Proteins in Group I steadily increased during anther development, whereas those in Group I steadily decreased. Group III proteins showed the highest expression at 3 DBH, whereas Group IV proteins exhibited the lowest expression at 3 DBH.

中文翻译：

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在花粉发育过程中监测水稻花药蛋白质组表达模式

水稻（水稻L.）花粉粒对极端温度高度敏感。在不同发育阶段对花粉的蛋白质组学分析的研究是有限的。在这项研究中，为了鉴定花粉发育过程中表达的蛋白质，我们对抽穗前8、3和0天收获的花药进行了gun弹枪蛋白质组学分析。在三个时间点中的每个时间点，在花药中鉴定出总共4509种非冗余蛋白，每个时间点重复三次。在这些蛋白中，有2968种蛋白可重现，其中1919种在花药发育的特定阶段特异性表达。聚类和基因本体论（GO）富集分析将特定表达的蛋白质分为四类。第一组包括参与细胞分化，繁殖和应激反应的蛋白质。第二组含有与细胞生长和碳水化合物代谢过程有关的蛋白质；第三组包括与淀粉积累和脂质代谢过程有关的蛋白质。第四组包括与结构形态发生和细胞成分有关的蛋白质。在花药发育过程中，第一组蛋白质稳定地增加，而第一组蛋白质则稳定地减少。III组蛋白在3 DBH处表达最高，而IV组蛋白在3 DBH处表达最低。