Zoysia japonica Steud. is a native turfgrass in the Korean peninsula and is used worldwide. Abnormal conditions of soil salinity inhibit plant growth and adversely affect the quality of the turfgrass. AT-hook motif nuclear-localized (AHL) family proteins known to co-regulate the transcription of genes as a chromatin remodeling factor play a role in plant developmental processes and stress responses. In this study, AT-Hook Protein of Genomine 1 (ATHG1)/AT-Hook motif nuclear-Localized protein 23 (AHL23) and AT-hook Protein of Genomine 3 (ATPG3)/AT-Hook motif nuclear-Localized protein 20 (AHL20), two AHL genes from A. thaliana, were transformed into Z. japonica under the control of a constitutive ubiquitin promoter. Southern blot analysis proved that ATHG1/AHL23 and ATPG3/AHL20 were introduced into the ATHG1/AHL23-transgenic plants and ATPG3/AHL20-transgenic plants, respectively. Overexpression of each ATHG1/AHL23 and ATPG3/AHL20 in all of the transgenic plants was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). To evaluate a tolerant response to salt stress of the transgenic plants, 4 transgenic plants including ATHG1-overexpressing line 1 (ATHG1-OE1) and ATHG1-OE2, and ATPG3-overexpressing line 1 (ATPG3-OE1) and ATPG3-OE2 were selected, respectively. All the transgenic plants showed higher salt-tolerant phenotype with higher chlorophyll and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under salt treatment, compared to the wild types. Also, under salt treatment, the transgenic plants revealed higher activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, than those of the wild-type plant. These results suggest that overexpression of ATHG1/AHL23 or ATPG3/AHL20 belonging to the AHL gene family confers salt tolerance to the transgenic zoysiagrass plants.

中文翻译：

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ATHG1 / AHL23和ATPG3 / AHL20的过表达，拟南芥AT-钩型核定位基因，在转基因结缕草中赋予耐盐性

结缕草粳稻。是朝鲜半岛的原生草皮草，在世界范围内都有使用。土壤盐分异常会抑制植物生长并对草皮草的质量产生不利影响。众所周知，AT钩基序核定位（AHL）家族蛋白可作为染色质重塑因子共同调节基因的转录，在植物发育过程和胁迫响应中发挥作用。在这项研究中，AT - Genomine 1的钩蛋白（ATHG1）/ AT -挂钩序核-本地化蛋白23（AHL23）和AT - Genomine 3的钩蛋白（ATPG3）/ AT-钩基序核-来自拟南芥的两个AHL基因-本地化蛋白20（AHL20）在组成型遍在蛋白启动子的控制下转化为粳稻。Southern印迹分析证明，将ATHG1 / AHL23和ATPG3 / AHL20分别引入到ATHG1 / AHL23-转基因植物和ATPG3 / AHL20-转基因植物中。每个ATHG1 / AHL23和ATPG3 / AHL20的过表达通过定量实时PCR（qRT-PCR）证实了所有转基因植物中的表达。为了评估转基因植物对盐胁迫的耐受性响应，共有4种转基因植物，包括ATHG1-过表达株系1（ATHG1- OE1）和ATHG1- OE2，以及ATPG3-过表达株系1（ATPG3- OE1）和ATPG3分别选择了-OE2。与野生型相比，所有转基因植物在盐处理下均表现出较高的耐盐表型，较高的叶绿素含量和较低的丙二醛（MDA）含量。同样，在盐处理下，转基因植物比野生型植物具有更高的过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD），活性氧（ROS）清除酶活性。这些结果表明，属于AHL基因家族的ATHG1 / AHL23或ATPG3 / AHL20的过表达赋予转基因的草茅草耐盐性。