Medicinal plants are often consumed as infusions with boiled water. Scarce information is available in the literature about the migration of mycotoxins into the resulting beverage and/or the effects of the infusion procedure on the final mycotoxin contents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the infusion process on mycotoxin contents during medicinal plant preparation. For this purpose, the contents of aflatoxins (AFs) [aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2)], zearalenone (ZEA), enniatins (ENNs) [enniatin B (ENNB), enniatin B1 (ENNB1), enniatin A (ENNA), enniatin A1 (ENNA1)] and beauvericin (BEA) were analyzed in 224 samples of medicinal plants and in their resulting beverages. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction method (QuEChERS) was applied to the medicinal plants while the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (DLLME) was applied to their infusions, and the mycotoxins were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-IT). The results revealed that ZEA, ENNB, ENNB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were detected in the beverages with incidences of ≤6% and at concentrations from less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 82.2 μg/L. Mycotoxins reduction ranged from 74 to 100% after the infusion process. The risk assessment revealed that the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) obtained for ZEA, ENNB and ENNB1 were far below the tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) established.

中文翻译：

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浸渍过程对药用植物中霉菌毒素含量的风险评估和缓解

药用植物通常用开水冲泡饮用。关于霉菌毒素迁移到最终饮料中和/或浸泡程序对最终霉菌毒素含量的影响的文献资料很少。本研究的目的是研究浸渍过程对药用植物制备过程中霉菌毒素含量的影响。为此，黄曲霉毒素 (AFs) [黄曲霉毒素 B1 (AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素 B2 (AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素 G1 (AFG1)、黄曲霉毒素 G2 (AFG2)]、玉米赤霉烯酮 (ZEA)、恩尼克菌素 (ENNs) 的含量 [enniatin B ( ENNB)、enniatin B1 (ENNB1)、enniatin A (ENNA)、enniatin A1 (ENNA1)] 和白僵菌素 (BEA) 在 224 种药用植物样品及其产生的饮料中进行了分析。快速、简单、便宜、有效、药用植物采用坚固安全的提取方法（QuEChERS），药用植物采用分散液-液微提取程序（DLLME），真菌毒素采用液相色谱-离子阱串联质谱（LC-MS）测定。 /MS-IT）。结果表明，ZEA、ENNB、ENNB1、AFB2、AFG1 和 AFG2 在饮料中的检出率≤6%，浓度范围为小于定量限 (LOQ) 至 82.2 μg/L。输注过程后，霉菌毒素减少了 74% 到 100%。风险评估显示，ZEA、ENNB 和 ENNB1 的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 远低于确定的每日可耐受摄入量 (TDI)。真菌毒素的测定采用液相色谱与离子阱串联质谱联用 (LC-MS/MS-IT)。结果表明，ZEA、ENNB、ENNB1、AFB2、AFG1 和 AFG2 在饮料中的检出率≤6%，浓度范围为小于定量限 (LOQ) 至 82.2 μg/L。输注过程后，霉菌毒素减少了 74% 到 100%。风险评估显示，ZEA、ENNB 和 ENNB1 的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 远低于确定的每日可耐受摄入量 (TDI)。真菌毒素的测定采用液相色谱与离子阱串联质谱联用 (LC-MS/MS-IT)。结果表明，ZEA、ENNB、ENNB1、AFB2、AFG1 和 AFG2 在饮料中的检出率≤6%，浓度范围为小于定量限 (LOQ) 至 82.2 μg/L。输注过程后，霉菌毒素减少了 74% 到 100%。风险评估显示，ZEA、ENNB 和 ENNB1 的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 远低于确定的每日可耐受摄入量 (TDI)。在饮料中检测到 AFG1 和 AFG2，发生率≤6%，浓度从低于定量限 (LOQ) 到 82.2 μg/L。输注过程后，霉菌毒素减少了 74% 到 100%。风险评估显示，ZEA、ENNB 和 ENNB1 的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 远低于确定的每日可耐受摄入量 (TDI)。在饮料中检测到 AFG1 和 AFG2，发生率≤6%，浓度从低于定量限 (LOQ) 到 82.2 μg/L。输注过程后，霉菌毒素减少了 74% 到 100%。风险评估显示，ZEA、ENNB 和 ENNB1 的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 远低于确定的每日可耐受摄入量 (TDI)。