BACKGROUND Lichtheimia species are emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens in the Mucorales, causing serious skin and respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients. Established agents are Lichtheimia corymbifera and L. ramosa, while L. ornata is a novel agent. Available data on a species-specific analysis of Lichtheimia infections are limited. METHODS The first case of a fatal rhino-orbital-cerebral infection in a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient caused by L. ornata is reported; the agent was identified by sequencing the ITS ribosomal region. We reviewed the literature on mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia species between 2009 and 2018, with an analysis of risk factors and epidemiological and clinical data. RESULTS In addition to our Lichtheimia ornata case, 44 cases of human Lichtheimia were analyzed. Lichtheimia predominated in Europe (68.2%), followed by Asia (16%), and Africa (9%). The most common underlying condition was hematological malignancy (36.3%), followed by trauma/major surgery (27.3%), while diabetes mellitus was rare (11.4%). Site of infection was mostly skin and soft tissues (45.5%) and lung (25%), while relatively few cases were disseminated (13.6%) or rhinocerebral (11.4%). Mortality (36.4%) was mainly due to disseminated and rhinocerebral infections. CONCLUSION In contrast to Rhizopus, the most common agent of mucormycosis recorded in patients with diabetes mellitus, Lichtheimia infections were primarily associated with hematological malignancies and major skin barrier damage. Given the fact that classical rhinocerebral mucormycosis remains difficult to treat, independent of causative species, timely application of amphotericin B accessory to debridement may be required for patient survival.

中文翻译：

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第一例由白斑利希氏菌引起的鼻脑毛霉菌病，并回顾了白斑利希氏菌感染。

背景技术衣原体种类是毛霉菌中新出现的机会性真菌病原体，在免疫受损的患者中引起严重的皮肤和呼吸道感染。确立的病原体是荔枝荔枝和拉莫氏乳杆菌，而香nL。ornata是一种新型药物。关于Lichtheimia感染的物种特异性分析的可用数据有限。方法报道了第一例致命性鼻眶脑感染，这是一例由猩猩乳酸杆菌引起的造血干细胞移植受者。通过对ITS核糖体区域进行测序来鉴定药物。我们回顾了有关2009年至2018年间因Lichtheimia物种引起的毛霉菌病的文献，并分析了危险因素以及流行病学和临床数据。结果除我们的Orchata Lichtheimia病例外，还分析了44例人类Lichtheimia病例。在欧洲（68.2％），欧洲（6％）和非洲（9％）中，肝硬化占主导地位。最常见的潜在疾病是血液系统恶性肿瘤（36.3％），其次是创伤/大手术（27.3％），而糖尿病很少（11.4％）。感染部位主要是皮肤和软组织（45.5％）和肺部（25％），而传播的病例（13.6％）或犀牛（11.4％）相对较少。死亡率（36.4％）主要是由于播散性感染和犀牛感染所致。结论与糖尿病患者中记录的最常见的毛霉菌病病菌根霉不同，脂血症的感染主要与血液系统恶性肿瘤和主要的皮肤屏障损害有关。鉴于传统的鼻脑黏膜真菌病仍然很难治疗，而与致病菌种无关，