Stress-induced performance degradation in high-pressure situations has been documented empirically and generated different explanations. The existing theories often assume the distinction between implicit and explicit processing but speculate differently on the impact that high-pressure situations have on their interaction. Although few attempts have been made so far at clarifying these underlying processes mechanistically (e.g., computationally), this paper proposes a detailed, mechanistic, and process-based account based on the Clarion cognitive architecture. This account incorporates facets of existing theories, but explores motivation, metacognition, and their effects on performance degradation. This account has been applied to different tasks that have previously suggested different explanations. These tasks were simulated within the Clarion cognitive architecture and results matched well with human data. Utilizing data from different tasks, we come up with a unified model of stress-induced performance degradation in high-pressure situations, which shows a unified, motivation-based, mechanistic account of these phenomena is possible, thus shedding light on the phenomena and pointing to mechanistic explanations of other related phenomena.

经验证明了在高压情况下应力引起的性能下降，并产生了不同的解释。现有的理论通常假定隐式处理与显式处理之间的区别，但对高压情况对其交互作用的影响进行了不同的推测。尽管到目前为止在机械上（例如，计算上）澄清这些基本过程方面一直未作任何尝试，但本文还是基于Clarion认知架构提出了一个详细的，基于机制的，基于过程的说明。该说明结合了现有理论的各个方面，但探讨了动机，元认知及其对绩效下降的影响。该帐户已应用于先前建议使用不同解释的不同任务。这些任务在Clarion认知架构中进行了模拟，结果与人类数据非常吻合。利用来自不同任务的数据，我们得出了在高压情况下应力引起的性能下降的统一模型，该模型表明可以对这些现象进行统一的，基于动机的机制解释，从而阐明这些现象并指出对其他相关现象的机械解释。