Traditionally, the lung has been excluded from the ultrasound organ repertoire and, hence, the application of lung ultrasound (LUS) was largely limited to a few enthusiastic clinicians. Yet, in the last decades, the recognition of the previously untapped diagnostic potential of LUS in intensive care medicine has fueled its widespread use as a rapid, non-invasive and radiation-free bedside approach with excellent diagnostic accuracy for many of the most common causes of acute respiratory failure, e.g., cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pleural effusion and pneumothorax. Its increased clinical use has also incited attention for the potential usefulness of LUS in preclinical studies with small animal models mimicking lung congestion and pulmonary edema formation. Application of LUS to small animal models of pulmonary edema may save time, is cost-effective, and may reduce the number of experimental animals due to the possibility of serial evaluations in the same animal as compared with traditional end-point measurements. This review provides an overview of the emerging field of LUS with a specific focus on its application in animal models and highlights future perspectives for LUS in preclinical research.

中文翻译：

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从床边到工作台：肺超声用于评估动物模型中的肺水肿

传统上，肺已被排除在超声器官库之外，因此，肺超声 (LUS) 的应用在很大程度上仅限于少数热情的临床医生。然而，在过去的几十年里，对 LUS 在重症监护医学中以前未开发的诊断潜力的认识推动了它作为一种快速、非侵入性和无辐射的床边方法的广泛使用，对许多最常见的原因具有出色的诊断准确性急性呼吸衰竭，例如心源性肺水肿、肺炎、胸腔积液和气胸。其临床应用的增加也引起了人们对 LUS 在模拟肺充血和肺水肿形成的小动物模型的临床前研究中的潜在用途的关注。将 LUS 应用于肺水肿小动物模型可能会节省时间，具有成本效益，并且与传统的终点测量相比，由于在同一动物中进行系列评估的可能性，可能会减少实验动物的数量。本综述概述了 LUS 的新兴领域，特别关注其在动物模型中的应用，并强调了 LUS 在临床前研究中的未来前景。