INTRODUCTION There is increasing interest in the relationship between cannabinoids and psychosis. While individual human laboratory studies have been critical in demonstrating that cannabinoids (e.g., delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) can induce acute transient psychosis-like effects in healthy human volunteers, combining data from multiple studies offers a fine-grained view of these effects. METHODS THC-induced psychosis-relevant effects were examined using a data-repository of 10 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover studies with 400 intravenous THC infusions in healthy human volunteers. The Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to measure psychotomimetic effects. The profile of symptoms, frequency of a response, its relationship to THC dose and substance use, latent structure in PANSS response, and the relationships between psychotomimetic and perceptual alteration symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Clinically meaningful increases in positive symptoms were noted in 44.75% infusions; conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, blunted affect, somatic concern, motor retardation and poor attention were the most frequently items altered by THC. The increase in PANSS positive symptoms was positively associated with THC dose and (beta = 11.13, SE = 4.94, Wald χ2 = 19.88, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with frequent cannabis use (beta = -0.575, SE = 0.14, Wald χ2 = 18.13, p < 0.001). Furthermore, positive symptoms were strongly correlated with CADSS perceptual alterations score (rs = 0.514, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Intravenous administration of THC consistently induces psychotomimetic effects that include symptoms across PANSS domains. Moreover, healthy subjects who frequently use cannabis, have a blunted psychotomimetic response.

中文翻译：

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静脉注射 delta-9-四氢大麻酚的精神病相关影响 - 对来自人类实验室研究的个体参与者数据的大型分析。

引言 人们对大麻素与精神病之间的关系越来越感兴趣。虽然个别人类实验室研究在证明大麻素（例如 delta-9-四氢大麻酚 [THC]）可以在健康人类志愿者中诱发急性短暂性精神病样效应方面发挥了关键作用，但结合多项研究的数据提供了对这些的细粒度视图效果。方法 使用 10 项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照、交叉研究的数据存储库检查 THC 诱发的精神病相关影响，其中 400 次静脉注射 THC 对健康人类志愿者。阳性和阴性综合征量表 (PANSS) 用于测量拟精神病效果。症状概况、反应频率、其与 THC 剂量和物质使用的关系、PANSS 反应的潜在结构、并评估了拟心理症状和知觉改变症状之间的关系。结果 在 44.75% 的输注中注意到阳性症状有临床意义的增加；概念混乱、幻觉、情感迟钝、躯体问题、运动迟缓和注意力不集中是 THC 最常改变的项目。PANSS 阳性症状的增加与 THC 剂量和（β = 11.13，SE = 4.94，Wald χ2 = 19.88，p < 0.001）呈正相关，与频繁使用大麻呈负相关（β = -0.575，SE = 0.14，Wald χ2 = 18.13，p < 0.001）。此外，阳性症状与 CADSS 感知改变评分密切相关（rs = 0.514，p<0.001）。结论 静脉内给予 THC 始终如一地诱发拟精神病效应，包括跨 PANSS 域的症状。此外，经常使用大麻的健康受试者具有迟钝的拟精神病反应。