Four strains of the 'environmental superbug' Pedobacter isolated from sludge produced at Norwegian drinking water treatment plants, were characterized by whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility assays. As with previous studies on members of this genus, we found that the isolates were multi-drug resistant, and that this resistance included clinically important beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin. Using the minION sequencing platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) combined with HiSeq PE150 Illumina sequencing data, the four isolates were assembled into genomes of single contigs. Analysis of the genomes revealed potential genetic factors possibly underlying some of the specific resistances observed. Metallo-beta-lactamase activity was detected in one isolate, and the same isolate contained a putative metallo-betalactamase gene resembling pedo-2. Furthermore, several genes related to multidrug efflux systems were found using the resistance database CARD. Additionally, the present study extends our knowledge on the phylogeny of this genus, adding four new genomes to the existing 50.

中文翻译：

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全基因组测序和抗生素扩散测定提供了对Pedobacter属耐药性的新见解。

通过全基因组测序和抗生素敏感性分析，对从挪威饮用水处理厂产生的污泥中分离出的四株“环境超级细菌”臭杆菌进行了鉴定。与以前对该属成员的研究一样，我们发现这些分离株具有多重耐药性，并且这种耐药性包括临床上重要的β-内酰胺类，氨基糖苷类和氟喹诺酮环丙沙星。使用minION测序平台（Oxford Nanopore Technologies）结合HiSeq PE150 Illumina测序数据，将四个分离株组装到单个重叠群的基因组中。基因组分析显示潜在的遗传因素可能是观察到的某些特定抗性的基础。在一个分离物中检测到金属β-内酰胺酶活性，相同的分离物含有一个类似于pedo-2的推定的金属β-内酰胺酶基因。此外，使用抗性数据库CARD发现了与多药外排系统有关的几个基因。此外，本研究扩展了我们对该属的系统发育知识，在现有的50个中增加了四个新的基因组。