Clinicians and researchers alike have long believed that stressors play a pivotal etiologic role in risk, maintenance, and/or relapse of alcohol and other substance use disorders (SUDs). Numerous seminal and contemporary theories on SUD etiology posit that stressors may motivate drug use and that individuals who use drugs chronically may display altered responses to stressors. We use foundational basic stress biology research as a lens through which to evaluate critically the available evidence to support these key stress-SUD theses in humans. Additionally, we examine the field's success to date in targeting stressors and stress allostasis in treatments for SUDs. We conclude with our recommendations for how best to advance our understanding of the relationship between stressors and drug use, and we discuss clinical implications for treatment development.

中文翻译：

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物质使用障碍中的应激失衡：临床研究的前景、进展和新兴优先事项。


临床医生和研究人员长期以来一直认为，压力源在酒精和其他物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的风险、维持和/或复发中发挥着关键的病因作用。许多关于 SUD 病因学的开创性和当代理论认为，压力源可能会激发吸毒，而长期吸毒的人可能会对压力源表现出不同的反应。我们以基础压力生物学研究为视角，批判性地评估支持人类这些关键压力 SUD 论点的现有证据。此外，我们还研究了该领域迄今为止在 SUD 治疗中针对压力源和压力平衡的成功情况。最后，我们提出了如何最好地增进我们对压力源与药物使用之间关系的理解的建议，并讨论了治疗开发的临床意义。