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A Bayesian multivariate factor analysis model for evaluating an intervention by using observational time series data on multiple outcomes
The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society) ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 , DOI: 10.1111/rssa.12569
Pantelis Samartsidis 1 , Shaun R Seaman 1 , Silvia Montagna 2 , André Charlett 3 , Matthew Hickman 4 , Daniela De Angelis 1
Affiliation  

A problem that is frequently encountered in many areas of scientific research is that of estimating the effect of a non‐randomized binary intervention on an outcome of interest by using time series data on units that received the intervention (‘treated’) and units that did not (‘controls’). One popular estimation method in this setting is based on the factor analysis (FA) model. The FA model is fitted to the preintervention outcome data on treated units and all the outcome data on control units, and the counterfactual treatment‐free post‐intervention outcomes of the former are predicted from the fitted model. Intervention effects are estimated as the observed outcomes minus these predicted counterfactual outcomes. We propose a model that extends the FA model for estimating intervention effects by jointly modelling the multiple outcomes to exploit shared variability, and assuming an auto‐regressive structure on factors to account for temporal correlations in the outcome. Using simulation studies, we show that the method proposed can improve the precision of the intervention effect estimates and achieve better control of the type I error rate (compared with the FA model), especially when either the number of preintervention measurements or the number of control units is small. We apply our method to estimate the effect of stricter alcohol licensing policies on alcohol‐related harms.

中文翻译:

贝叶斯多元因素分析模型,用于通过使用多个结果的观察时间序列数据来评估干预

在许多科学研究领域经常遇到的一个问题是,通过使用接受干预(“治疗”)的单位和接受干预的单位的时间序列数据来估计非随机二元干预对感兴趣结果的影响。不是(“控制”)。在这种情况下,一种流行的估计方法是基于因子分析 (FA) 模型。FA 模型拟合处理单元的干预前结果数据和控制单元的所有结果数据,并从拟合模型预测前者的反事实无治疗干预后结果。干预效果估计为观察到的结果减去这些预测的反事实结果。我们提出了一个模型,该模型扩展了 FA 模型,通过联合建模多个结果以利用共享可变性,并假设因素的自回归结构来解释结果中的时间相关性,从而扩展 FA 模型以估计干预效果。通过仿真研究,我们表明所提出的方法可以提高干预效果估计的精度,并更好地控制 I 类错误率(与 FA 模型相比),特别是在干预前测量次数或控制次数时单位很小。我们应用我们的方法来估计更严格的酒精许可政策对酒精相关危害的影响。我们表明,所提出的方法可以提高干预效果估计的精度,并更好地控制 I 类错误率(与 FA 模型相比),尤其是在干预前测量数量或控制单元数量较少的情况下。我们应用我们的方法来估计更严格的酒精许可政策对酒精相关危害的影响。我们表明,所提出的方法可以提高干预效果估计的精度,并更好地控制 I 类错误率(与 FA 模型相比),尤其是在干预前测量数量或控制单元数量较少的情况下。我们应用我们的方法来估计更严格的酒精许可政策对酒精相关危害的影响。
更新日期:2020-05-08
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