BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) plays an important role in selenoproteins as an antioxidant, and is involved in thyroid function, mental health and child development. Selenium is low in the local food supplies in NZ. Low selenium intake has been reported in women of childbearing age and postmenopausal women, however, there is little research relating to breastfeeding women and their infants. PURPOSE The study investigates maternal and infant selenium intake and status during the first year postpartum, and possible relationships to postnatal depression and anxiety. BASIC PROCEDURES The Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study is an observational longitudinal cohort study. In total 87 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were recruited and followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Maternal selenium intake was estimated from a four-day diet diary (4DDD). Selenium concentrations were measured in maternal spot urine, breastmilk and plasma; and infant spot urine samples. Postnatal depression was screened by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. MAIN FINDINGS Median maternal selenium intake was 62 (50, 84) μg/day, with 56 % below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 65 μg/day. At 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum, median maternal urinary selenium:creatinine ratios were 29.0 (22.4, 42.0), 29.5 (23.1, 28.4), and 30.9 (24.3, 35.3) μg/g; median infant urinary selenium concentrations (IUSC) were 8 (6,13), 11 (6, 15), and 24 (10, 40) μg/L; median breastmilk selenium concentrations (BMSC) were 13 (11, 14), 11 (9, 11) and 12 (11, 13) μg/L; 18 %, 11 % and 14 % of women reported probable minor depression based on the EPDS scores equal or above 10. Estimated median infant selenium intake at 3 and 6 months were 9 (8, 11) and 8 (7, 10) μg/day with 85 % and 93 % below the Adequate Intake of 12 μg/day. Median maternal plasma selenium was 105.8 μg/L at 6 months postpartum. Minor depression at three months postpartum was significantly different across tertiles of plasma selenium concentrations (p = 0.041). PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal selenium intake was observed among breastfeeding mothers and their infants in the MINI study. Potentially, some women had insufficient selenium status. Relation between selenium status and risk of postnatal depression and anxiety was inconclusive.Further research is required to explore effects on maternal thyroid function and infant neurodevelopment among women with inadequate selenium intake and status.

中文翻译：

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新西兰产后第一年妇女的硒摄入量和状况以及产后抑郁症 - 母婴营养调查 (MINI) 研究。


背景技术硒（Se）作为抗氧化剂在硒蛋白中发挥着重要作用，并参与甲状腺功能、心理健康和儿童发育。新西兰当地食品供应中的硒含量较低。据报道，育龄妇女和绝经后妇女硒摄入量较低，但有关母乳喂养妇女及其婴儿的研究很少。目的 该研究调查产后第一年母亲和婴儿的硒摄入量和状况，以及与产后抑郁和焦虑的可能关系。基本程序 母婴营养调查 (MINI) 研究是一项观察性纵向队列研究。总共招募了 87 对母乳喂养的母婴，并在产后 3、6 和 12 个月进行随访。母亲的硒摄入量是根据四天饮食日记（4DDD）估算的。测量母亲点尿、母乳和血浆中的硒浓度；和婴儿点尿样本。通过爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）问卷筛查产后抑郁症。主要发现 母亲硒摄入量中位数为 62 (50, 84) μg/天，比估计平均需要量 (EAR) 65 μg/天低 56%。产后 3、6 和 12 个月时，母亲尿中硒与肌酐比值中位数分别为 29.0 (22.4, 42.0)、29.5 (23.1, 28.4) 和 30.9 (24.3, 35.3) μg/g；婴儿尿硒浓度中位数 (IUSC) 分别为 8 (6,13)、11 (6, 15) 和 24 (10, 40) μg/L；母乳硒浓度中位数 (BMSC) 分别为 13 (11, 14)、11 (9, 11) 和 12 (11, 13) μg/L；根据 EPDS 分数等于或高于 10，18%、11% 和 14% 的女性可能患有轻度抑郁症。 估计 3 个月和 6 个月婴儿硒摄入量中位数分别为 9 (8, 11) 和 8 (7, 10) μg/天，分别比 12 μg/天的充足摄入量低 85% 和 93%。产后 6 个月时，母亲血浆硒浓度中位数为 105.8 μg/L。产后三个月的轻微抑郁症在血浆硒浓度的三分位数之间存在显着差异（p = 0.041）。主要结论 MINI 研究中观察到母乳喂养的母亲及其婴儿的硒摄入量不理想。一些女性的硒水平可能不足。硒状况与产后抑郁和焦虑风险之间的关系尚无定论。需要进一步研究来探讨硒摄入量和状况不足的妇女对母亲甲状腺功能和婴儿神经发育的影响。