The primary purpose of this paper is to develop high-fidelity combustion models for hydrothermal flames. Based on the flamelet/progress variable (FPV) model, comprehensive real-fluid models are incorporated to treat the thermodynamic and transport properties. To account for the heat loss effects, the FPV model is extended to be non-adiabatic with the heat release damping (HRD) approach. Combined with a presumed probability density function closure, the model is then evaluated in laboratory-scale hydrothermal flames in the context of large-eddy simulation. Results show that the prediction from the FPV model is better than those from the EDM and EDC-MTS models, since it correctly predicts the flame lift-off height as well as the maximum temperature position. The wall heat loss has significant influence on the temperature and species distributions. The use of the non-adiabatic FPV approach improve considerably the predictions of the flame temperature by comparing with the experimental data.

本文的主要目的是为热液火焰开发高保真燃烧模型。基于小火焰/进度变量（FPV）模型，综合了完整的流体模型来处理热力学和传输特性。考虑到热损失效应，FPV模型通过放热阻尼（HRD）方法扩展为非绝热模型。结合假定的概率密度函数闭合，然后在大涡模拟的背景下，在实验室规模的热液火焰中评估该模型。结果表明，FPV模型的预测优于EDM和EDC-MTS模型的预测，因为它可以正确预测火焰的抬起高度以及最高温度位置。壁的热损失对温度和物种分布有重要影响。