Sleep disturbance is one of the commonly reported non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as in Parkinson plus disorders such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Although there is a wealth of literature on sleep disturbances in PD, the same is not robust on the Parkinson plus disorders. This article aims to comprehensively review the sleep disturbances in Parkinson plus disorders. The literature review was as per the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). We searched PubMed and MEDLINE till December 2019 using a combination of words - "Sleep disturbance" with additional search terms such as: "synucleinopathy", "tauopathy", "multiple system atrophy", "dementia with Lewy bodies", "progressive supranuclear palsy", and "corticobasal syndrome". A wide range of sleep disorders that include insomnia, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), periodic limb movement disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep apneas, may complicate the course of the Parkinson plus disorders. Pathophysiology of these sleep disorders remains elusive, thus making targeted pharmacotherapy challenging. We describe the cardinal features and the management options of these sleep disorders in the context of Parkinson plus disorders.

中文翻译：

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帕金森加障碍的睡眠障碍及其管理概述

睡眠障碍是帕金森病 (PD) 患者以及帕金森病患者常见的非运动症状之一，如多系统萎缩 (MSA)、路易体痴呆 (DLB)、进行性核上性麻痹 (PSP) , 和皮质基底节综合征 (CBS)。尽管有大量关于 PD 睡眠障碍的文献，但对于帕金森加障碍的研究并不充分。本文旨在全面回顾帕金森加障碍的睡眠障碍。文献综述按照系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）的首选报告项目指南进行。我们在 2019 年 12 月之前使用“睡眠障碍”和其他搜索词的组合搜索了 PubMed 和 MEDLINE，例如：“synucleinopathy”、“tauopathy”、“ 快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠行为障碍 (RBD)、周期性肢体运动障碍、白天过度嗜睡和睡眠呼吸暂停，可能会使帕金森综合症的病程复杂化。这些睡眠障碍的病理生理学仍然难以捉摸，因此使靶向药物治疗具有挑战性。我们在帕金森加障碍的背景下描述了这些睡眠障碍的主要特征和管理选项。快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠行为障碍 (RBD)、周期性肢体运动障碍、白天过度嗜睡和睡眠呼吸暂停，可能会使帕金森综合症的病程复杂化。这些睡眠障碍的病理生理学仍然难以捉摸，因此使靶向药物治疗具有挑战性。我们在帕金森加障碍的背景下描述了这些睡眠障碍的主要特征和管理选项。