Impacts of selective logging on avian phylogenetic and functional diversity in the Amazon,Animal Conservation

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Impacts of selective logging on avian phylogenetic and functional diversity in the Amazon
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12592
L. A. M. Mestre ₁ , C. C. P. Cosset ₂ , S. S. Nienow ₃ , R. Krul ₁ , J. Rechetelo _{1,

4} , L. Festti ₁ , D. P. Edwards ₂

Affiliation

Selective logging is the most extensive land use threatening tropical forests worldwide, making our understanding of its impacts on biodiversity vital for the conservation of these hyperdiverse ecosystems. We investigated the effects of selective logging on the phylogenetic and functional diversity (FD) of Amazonian forest avifauna. We sampled the overall and the understorey bird community using point counts and mist‐netting, respectively, in logged and unlogged forests. The overall bird community showed significantly lower phylogenetic diversity (PD) and FD in logged than unlogged forests, but significantly higher standard effect size (ses) of PD, ses mean pairwise distance (MPD), mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD), ses functional MPD (sesfMPD) and functional MNTD (fMNTD) in logged sites. Evolutionary distinctiveness, sesMPD, sesFD, fMNTD and sesfMNTD of understorey birds were significantly higher in logged forests. Higher logging intensity affected some metrics negatively and others positively, although the relatively small changes in phylogenetic and FD suggest limited overall effects from logging at lower intensity. In combination, selective logging brings deleterious effects for some components of phylogenetic and FD of the overall Amazonian bird community. Nonetheless, selectively logged forests retain important avian diversity, underscoring their high conservation value. Relatively, low impacts of selective logging may be due to the reduced‐impact logging (RIL) techniques used, high connectivity with well‐preserved unlogged forests or focus on short‐term logging impacts. Because even low‐intensity RIL causes some losses in evolutionary history and functional traits, an optimal approach for conserving phylogenetic and FD requires incorporating some land‐sparing logging to protect more old‐growth patches within the logged matrix.

中文翻译：

选择性伐木对亚马逊鸟类系统发生和功能多样性的影响

选择性伐木是威胁全球热带森林的最广泛土地利用，这使我们了解其对生物多样性的影响对于保护这些高多样性生态系统至关重要。我们调查了选择性伐木对亚马逊森林鸟类系统发育和功能多样性（FD）的影响。我们分别在砍伐和未砍伐的森林中使用点数和薄雾网对整体和下层鸟类群落进行了采样。与未砍伐的森林相比，未砍伐森林的总体鸟类群落显示出显着更低的系统发育多样性（PD）和FD，但是PD的标准效应大小（ses），ses平均成对距离（MPD），平均最近分类群距离（MNTD），ses功能正常则明显更高已记录站点中的MPD（sesfMPD）和功能MNTD（fMNTD）。进化独特性，sesMPD，sesFD，在伐木森林中，下层鸟类的fMNTD和sesfMNTD显着较高。较高的伐木强度对某些指标产生负面影响，而对其他指标则有正面影响，尽管系统发育和FD相对较小的变化表明，较低强度的伐木对总体影响有限。选择性采伐结合起来对整个亚马逊鸟类群落的系统发育和FD的某些组成部分带来有害影响。尽管如此，选择性采伐的森林仍保留着重要的鸟类多样性，这突出了其高保护价值。相对而言，选择性测井的低影响可能是由于使用了减少影响的测井（RIL）技术，与保存良好的未记录森林的高连通性或侧重于短期测井的影响。因为即使是低强度的RIL也会在进化史和功能性状上造成一些损失，

更新日期：2020-05-08

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