Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD), caused by the fungal pathogen Ceratocystis, is killing large numbers of ʻōhiʻa trees (Metrosideros polymorpha) in Hawaiʻi. ʻŌhiʻa are a dominant tree in Hawaiian forests, have a range that goes from arid to wet forest climates, and are important for endangered species habitat and ecosystem function. To test whether actively planting ʻōhiʻa seedlings is a viable restoration strategy in areas with high ROD mortality, we planted ʻōhiʻa in a ROD‐affected forest and crossed this with weeding and fencing treatments to compare ROD mortality to other stressors. We also tested for viable Ceratocystis spores in soils around planting areas. We found that seedlings were more likely to die in unweeded and unfenced treatments than controls. Although viable Ceratocystis spores were found in soil, none of the 41 dead seedlings tested positive for Ceratocystis. This indicates that competition from exotic plants and exotic feral ungulate damage are more likely to kill seedlings than ROD within the first year after planting.

中文翻译：

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在活跃的快速'Ōhi'a死亡感染的森林地区，成功恢复Metrosideros polymorpha（ʻōhiʻa）是可能的

快速'Ōhi'a死亡（ROD），引起真菌病原体甘薯，是杀害大量'ōhi'a树（Metrosideros多形夏威夷）。Ōhia是夏威夷森林中的优势树，其范围从干旱到潮湿的森林气候，对于濒危物种的栖息地和生态系统功能都至关重要。为了测试在高ROD死亡率地区积极种植Ohhia幼苗是否是可行的恢复策略，我们在受ROD影响的森林中种植Ohhia，并进行除草和围栏处理，以比较ROD死亡率与其他胁迫因素。我们还测试了可行的Ceratocystis种植区周围土壤中的孢子。我们发现，与对照相比，在未经除草和未经防护的处理中，幼苗更有可能死亡。虽然可行甘薯孢子在土壤中发现，没有41个死苗的药检呈阳性甘薯。这表明，在种植后的第一年内，外来植物和外来野生有蹄类动物的竞争比ROD更有可能杀死幼苗。