In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term pesticides and chemical fertilizers application on the microbial communities specifically anammox and denitrification bacteria in rice field soils. The abundances of microbial communities (16S rDNA), anammox (hszB), and denitrification (narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) genes were quantified by q-PCR. 10 pesticides (5 insecticides, 3 fungicides and 2 herbicides) and chemical fertilizers urea, potassium, phosphate, DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), gypsum, and boric acid were used by local farmers. Nitrate, SOC (ammonia, soil organic carbon), N and C content significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the rice field soils as compared to the upland soils. Abundance of 16S rDNA, hszB, narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the rice field soils and positively correlated with chemical properties of soils. Our results provide useful information and further maintenance should be instilled to the potential of chemical and biological factors decreased in rice field soils.

中文翻译：

---

长期施用农药和化肥对孟加拉国珍尼达和库什蒂亚地区稻田土壤微生物群落特别是厌氧菌和反硝化细菌的影响。

在这项研究中，我们调查了长期施用农药和化肥对稻田土壤微生物群落特别是厌氧氨氧化菌和反硝化细菌的影响。通过q -PCR定量分析了微生物群落（16S rDNA），厌氧氨氧化（hszB）和反硝化（narG，nirK，nirS和nosZ）基因的丰度。当地农民使用了10种农药（5种杀虫剂，3种杀真菌剂和2种除草剂）和化学肥料尿素，钾，磷酸盐，DAP（磷酸二铵），石膏和硼酸。硝酸盐，SOC（氨，土壤有机碳），N和C含量显着（p 与陆地土壤相比，稻田土壤的土壤水分含量<0.05）有所下降。 稻田土壤中16S rDNA，hszB，narG，nirK，nirS和nosZ基因的丰度显着降低（p <0.05），并且与土壤化学性质呈正相关。我们的结果提供了有用的信息，应进一步维护稻田土壤中化学和生物因素的潜力。