3D cell culture models which closely resemble real human tissues are of high interest for disease modelling, drug screening as well as a deeper understanding of human developmental biology. Such structures are termed organoids. Within the last years, several human organoid models were described. These are usually stem cell derived, arise by self-organization, mimic mechanisms of normal tissue development, show typical organ morphogenesis and recapitulate at least some organ specific functions. Many tissues have been reproduced in vitro such as gut, liver, lung, kidney and brain. The resulting entities can be either derived from an adult stem cell population, or generated from pluripotent stem cells using a specific differentiation protocol. However, many organoid models only recapitulate the organs parenchyma but are devoid of stromal components such as blood vessels, connective tissue and inflammatory cells. Recent studies show that the incorporation of endothelial and mesenchymal cells into organoids improved their maturation and might be required to create fully functional micro-tissues, which will allow deeper insights into human embryogenesis as well as disease development and progression. In this review article, we will summarize and discuss recent works trying to incorporate stromal components into organoids, with a special focus on neural organoid models.

中文翻译：

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不要保持简单：复杂类器官生成的最新进展。

与真实人体组织非常相似的 3D 细胞培养模型对于疾病建模、药物筛选以及对人类发育生物学的更深入了解具有很高的兴趣。这种结构被称为类器官。在过去的几年中，描述了几种人体类器官模型。这些通常是干细胞衍生的，由自组织产生，模拟正常组织发育的机制，显示典型的器官形态发生并至少概括一些器官特异性功能。许多组织已经在体外复制，例如肠道、肝脏、肺、肾脏和大脑。由此产生的实体可以来自成体干细胞群，也可以使用特定的分化方案从多能干细胞中产生。然而，许多类器官模型仅概括器官实质，而缺乏血管、结缔组织和炎症细胞等基质成分。最近的研究表明，将内皮细胞和间充质细胞整合到类器官中可以改善它们的成熟，并且可能需要创建功能齐全的微组织，这将有助于更深入地了解人类胚胎发生以及疾病的发展和进展。在这篇评论文章中，我们将总结和讨论最近尝试将基质成分纳入类器官的工作，特别关注神经类器官模型。最近的研究表明，将内皮细胞和间充质细胞掺入类器官改善了它们的成熟，并且可能需要创建功能齐全的微组织，这将有助于更深入地了解人类胚胎发生以及疾病的发展和进展。在这篇评论文章中，我们将总结和讨论最近尝试将基质成分纳入类器官的工作，特别关注神经类器官模型。最近的研究表明，将内皮细胞和间充质细胞整合到类器官中可以改善它们的成熟，并且可能需要创建功能齐全的微组织，这将有助于更深入地了解人类胚胎发生以及疾病的发展和进展。在这篇评论文章中，我们将总结和讨论最近尝试将基质成分纳入类器官的工作，特别关注神经类器官模型。