Abstract This study aimed to identify possible differences in the lying and standing sequence between lame and non-lame gestating sows. A total of 85 stall-housed sows (average parity 0.9 ± 1.14; range 0–4) were scored for walking lameness on a 3-point scale (1 = normal to 3=severely lame) while moving to a separate gestation stall for recording of one lying-standing event on days 30, 60 and 90 of gestation. A video camera was positioned on the adjacent stall so sows’ profiles were visible. Observations ceased when the sow laid-down and stood-up, or 2.5 h elapsed from recording commencement. From videos, postures and movements that occurred during lying-standing sequences were identified. Time (seconds) from kneeling to shoulder rotation (KSR), shoulder rotation to lying (SRHQ), total time to lie (TLIE); latency to lie (LATENCY; minutes) and number of attempts to successfully lie were recorded. Also, time taken from first leg fold to sit (TLS), time from sit to rise (TSR), and total time to rise (TRISE) were recorded. Sows were re-classified as non-lame (score 1) and lame (scores ≥ 2). Data were analyzed using mixed model methods with gestation day, and lameness as fixed effects and sow the random effect. On average, sows took 14.3 ± 1.39 s for KSR, 7.7 ± 0.79 s for SRHQ, 21.0 ± 1.37 s for TLIE and 63.6 ± 5.97 min for LATENCY. Furthermore, sows took 8.8 ± 2.80 s for TLS, 5.95 ± 1.73 s for TSR, and 10.3 ± 2.02 s for TRISE. There were no associations between lameness status or gestation day with time required for or the likelihood of performing the different movements of the lying and standing sequences (P > 0.05). Except for lame sows tending to sit more while transitioning from lying to standing than non-lame sows (P = 0.09). Seven different lying and 4 different standing combination deviation from the normal sequences, albeit each combination was infrequent and did not allow for statistical analysis. However, all together, deviations from the normal lying and standing sequence accounted for 22.7 % and 35 % of total observations; respectively. Under the conditions of this study, lameness did not influence the time taken or the likelihood of performing different movements and/or postures during normal lying-standing sequences. However, this could be due to lameness recorded here not being severe enough to affect the sequences. The observed deviations suggest that there is variation in the way sows lie and stand although more research is necessary to understand which factors contribute to such variation.

中文翻译：

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跛足和非跛足母猪躺卧和起床的特征

摘要 本研究旨在确定跛足和非跛足妊娠母猪躺卧和站立顺序的可能差异。共有 85 头栏舍母猪（平均胎次为 0.9 ± 1.14；范围 0-4）在移动到单独的妊娠栏记录时按 3 分制（1 = 正常到 3 = 严重跛行）对行走跛行进行评分妊娠第 30、60 和 90 天的一次卧位事件。摄像机安装在相邻的隔栏上，因此可以看到母猪的轮廓。当母猪躺下并站起来，或记录开始后 2.5 小时，观察停止。从视频中，识别出在躺着站立序列期间发生的姿势和运动。从跪下到肩部旋转（KSR）、肩部旋转到躺下（SRHQ）、躺下总时间（TLIE）的时间（秒）；说谎的潜伏期（LATENCY; 分钟）和成功撒谎的次数被记录下来。此外，记录从第一条腿折叠到坐下的时间 (TLS)、从坐下到起身的时间 (TSR) 和起身的总时间 (TRISE)。母猪被重新分类为非跛足（得分 1）和跛足（得分 ≥ 2）。使用混合模型方法对数据进行分析，以妊娠日、跛行作为固定效应和随机效应。平均而言，母猪 KSR 需要 14.3 ± 1.39 s，SRHQ 需要 7.7 ± 0.79 s，TLIE 需要 21.0 ± 1.37 s，LATENCY 需要 63.6 ± 5.97 分钟。此外，母猪 TLS 需要 8.8 ± 2.80 s，TSR 需要 5.95 ± 1.73 s，TRISE 需要 10.3 ± 2.02 s。跛行状态或妊娠天数与执行躺卧和站立序列的不同运动所需的时间或可能性之间没有关联（P > 0.05）。除了跛足母猪在从躺卧到站立时比非跛足母猪更倾向于坐下（P = 0.09）。7 种不同的谎言和 4 种不同的站立组合与正常序列的偏差，尽管每种组合都不常见并且不允许进行统计分析。然而，总而言之，与正常躺卧和站立顺序的偏差占总观察值的 22.7% 和 35%；分别。在这项研究的条件下，跛行不会影响在正常躺着站立序列中执行不同运动和/或姿势的时间或可能性。然而，这可能是由于此处记录的跛足没有严重到足以影响序列。