In this study, a 6‐year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different amounts of corn stover returned to the field on soil properties and grain yield of double‐cropped of winter wheat and summer maize. A randomized block design with three replications was employed including three treatments: based on all stalks of winter wheat returned to the field, (1) all summer maize stalks were mechanically pulverized and returned to the field (SR); (2) a half of summer maize stalks were mechanically pulverized and returned to the field (1/2 SR); and (3) all summer maize stalks were fully removed (control; CK). Compared with CK, the yield of summer maize and winter wheat were increased in both SR and 1/2SR. The total soil porosity, water‐stable aggregate content, and organic matter content were significantly higher in both SR and 1/2SR treatments than those in CK. The total P and available K were increased in both SR and 1/2SR, compared with those in CK. However, differences in soil properties and grain yield were not significant between SR and 1/2SR. These results indicated that corn stover returned to the field could significantly improve soil properties and yield. It can maintain soil sustainability and provide a high‐quality soil environment through treatment of 1/2SR, and the efficient use of straw can be achieved by using the remaining half of the straw for biomass energy. Overall, our data provided a basis for the use of stover resources to keep a sustainable soil production capacity.

中文翻译：

---

残留管理策略下改善冬小麦和夏玉米的土壤特性和谷物产量

在这项研究中，进行了为期6年的田间试验，以探讨不同数量的玉米秸秆还田对冬小麦和夏玉米双季作物的土壤特性和谷物产量的影响。采用具有三个重复的随机区组设计，包括三种处理：基于返还田间的所有冬小麦秸秆，（1）将所有夏季玉米秸秆机械粉碎并返还田间（SR）；（2）将夏玉米秸秆的一半机械粉碎并送回田间（1/2 SR）；（3）完全清除了所有夏季玉米秸秆（对照； CK）。与CK相比，SR和1 / 2SR夏玉米和冬小麦的单产均增加。土壤总孔隙率，水稳定骨料含量，SR和1 / 2SR处理的有机质含量均显着高于CK。与CK相比，SR和1 / 2SR的总P和有效K均增加。然而，SR和1 / 2SR之间的土壤性质和谷物产量的差异并不显着。这些结果表明，玉米秸秆还田可以显着改善土壤性质和产量。它可以通过1 / 2SR的处理来保持土壤的可持续性并提供高质量的土壤环境，并且可以通过将秸秆的剩余一半用作生物质能来实现秸秆的有效利用。总体而言，我们的数据为利用秸秆资源保持可持续的土壤生产能力提供了基础。然而，SR和1 / 2SR之间的土壤性质和谷物产量的差异并不显着。这些结果表明，玉米秸秆还田可以显着改善土壤性质和产量。它可以通过1 / 2SR的处理来保持土壤的可持续性并提供高质量的土壤环境，并且可以通过将秸秆的剩余一半用作生物质能来实现秸秆的有效利用。总体而言，我们的数据为利用秸秆资源保持可持续的土壤生产能力提供了基础。然而，SR和1 / 2SR之间的土壤性质和谷物产量的差异并不显着。这些结果表明，玉米秸秆还田可以显着改善土壤性质和产量。它可以通过1 / 2SR的处理来保持土壤的可持续性并提供高质量的土壤环境，并且可以通过将秸秆的剩余一半用作生物质能来实现秸秆的有效利用。总体而言，我们的数据为利用秸秆资源保持可持续的土壤生产能力提供了基础。它可以通过1 / 2SR的处理来保持土壤的可持续性并提供高质量的土壤环境，并且可以通过将秸秆的剩余一半用作生物质能来实现秸秆的有效利用。总体而言，我们的数据为利用秸秆资源保持可持续的土壤生产能力提供了基础。它可以通过1 / 2SR的处理来保持土壤的可持续性并提供高质量的土壤环境，并且可以通过将秸秆的剩余一半用作生物质能来实现秸秆的有效利用。总体而言，我们的数据为利用秸秆资源保持可持续的土壤生产能力提供了基础。