The accelerating climate crisis intensifies environmental changes in high‐altitude ecosystems worldwide, with rising air temperature among the main stressors. While past research in alpine streams has primarily focused on how retreating glaciers might affect the ecology of glacier‐fed streams on the long run, observations of real‐time alterations of water temperature in such pristine environments are rare. Using long‐term measurements of water temperature (2010–2017) together with datasets on benthic invertebrate communities from 18 glacial and nonglacial alpine and subalpine streams in the European Alps, we illustrate significant ecological relationships of water temperature regimes and the identity of benthic communities and forecast changes thereof due to considerable warming of stream water. Besides reporting multiannual warming of all observed streams during summer with a mean rate of 2.5(±0.6)°C decade⁻¹, this work redefines temperature optima and ranges using robust regression modelling and thereby identifies potential winners and losers among the invertebrate species. We conclude that the various invertebrate taxa in alpine stream networks will respond differently to thermal alterations and that the herein modelled temperature ranges of invertebrates is an essential step towards the understanding of future shifts in species distributions and success.

中文翻译：

---

实时加热高山溪流：（重新）定义无脊椎动物的温度偏好

不断加剧的气候危机加剧了全球高海拔生态系统的环境变化，其中主要压力源是气温升高。尽管过去对高山河流的研究主要集中在从长远来看，后退冰川如何影响冰川注入的河流的生态，但是在这种原始环境中实时观察水温变化的观察很少。利用对水温的长期测量（2010-2017年）以及欧洲阿尔卑斯山18条冰川和非冰川高山和亚高山河流底栖无脊椎动物群落的数据集，我们说明了水温机制与底栖生物群落的重要生态关系。预测由于溪水大量变暖而导致的变化。^-1，这项工作使用稳健的回归模型重新定义了温度的最佳值和范围，从而确定了无脊椎动物物种中的潜在赢家和输家。我们得出的结论是，高山河流网络中的各种无脊椎动物类群对热变化的反应将有所不同，并且本文中建模的无脊椎动物温度范围是迈向了解物种分布和成功的未来转变的重要步骤。