We studied the performance of different seed mixtures and the influence of liming on the establishment of a montane pasture under acidic site conditions during a wood‐pasture separation process from 1998 to 2001 in Styria, Austria. Two treatments (with and without liming) were established, each with four seeding treatments (without seeding, commercial, site‐adapted and site‐specific mixtures), and all plots were regularly fertilized from 1998 to 2002. Vegetation surveys and forage analyses regarding development of vegetation cover, seeded species persistence, quality and yield parameters were conducted again in 2014 and 2016; soil samples were taken in 2015. After cessation of regular fertilization, the analysed soil parameters declined to levels that were sufficient or low for grasslands. pH decreased again over time, but still was significantly higher (p = .0034) in the liming treatment. The single liming during experimental set‐up also caused better long‐term performance for nearly all vegetation, quality and yield parameters. The site‐specific seed mixture performed best regarding most analysed parameters, under both liming treatments. Concerning seeded species, the habitat‐typical species Agrostis capillaris, Festuca rubra agg. and Trifolium repens persisted best with and without liming. All analysed vegetation and yield parameters stayed far behind their results of 2001 and their potential. The use of site‐specific seed mixtures supports the establishment of productive grassland on specific locations. The long‐term results also illustrated that even low‐input management like liming in multi‐annual intervals can help to improve acidic site and growing conditions significantly and thereby increases the sustainability of cost‐intensive wood‐pasture separation processes under similar conditions.

中文翻译：

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木草分离过程的长期可持续性—种子混合物和管理的问题

我们研究了1998年至2001年奥地利施蒂里亚州的木牧草分离过程中，在酸性场地条件下，不同种子混合物的性能以及石灰对山地牧场建立的影响。建立了两种处理方法（有和无石灰处理），每种处理方法有四种播种处理方法（无播种，商业，现场适应和特定地点混合），所有地块从1998年到2002年定期施肥。植被调查和有关发育的草料分析在2014年和2016年再次进行了植被覆盖度，种子物种持久性，质量和产量参数的评估；2015年采集了土壤样品。停止常规施肥后，分析的土壤参数下降到足以满足或低于草原的水平。pH值随时间再次下降，p  = .0034）。在实验设置过程中，一次撒石灰还可以为几乎所有植被，质量和产量参数带来更好的长期性能。在两种石灰处理下，针对大多数分析参数，针对特定地点的种子混合物效果最佳。关于种子物种，栖息地典型物种是毛罗非鱼（Agrostis capillaris），红景天。和白三叶不论有没有积灰，都能保持最佳状态。所有分析的植被和产量参数都远远落后于2001年的结果及其潜力。使用特定地点的种子混合物可支持在特定地点建立生产性草原。长期结果还表明，即使是低投入管理（例如，每隔一年的时间间隔撒石灰）也可以帮助显着改善酸性场所和生长条件，从而在类似条件下提高成本密集型木草分离过程的可持续性。