Parasitoids as drivers of symbiont diversity in an insect host.,Ecology Letters

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Parasitoids as drivers of symbiont diversity in an insect host.
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13526
Nina Hafer-Hahmann ₁ , Christoph Vorburger _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Immune systems have repeatedly diversified in response to parasite diversity. Many animals have outsourced part of their immune defence to defensive symbionts, which should be affected by similar evolutionary pressures as the host’s own immune system. Protective symbionts provide efficient and specific protection and respond to changing selection pressure by parasites. Here we use the aphid Aphis fabae , its protective symbiont Hamiltonella defensa, and its parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum to test whether parasite diversity can maintain diversity in protective symbionts. We exposed aphid populations with the same initial symbiont composition to parasitoid populations that differed in their diversity. As expected, single parasitoid genotypes mostly favoured a single symbiont that was most protective against that particular parasitoid, while multiple symbionts persisted in aphids exposed to more diverse parasitoid populations, which in turn affected aphid population density and rates of parasitism. Parasite diversity may be crucial to maintaining symbiont diversity in nature.

中文翻译：

寄生虫是昆虫宿主中共生体多样性的驱动力。

免疫系统已经针对寄生虫多样性反复多样化。许多动物已将其免疫防御的一部分外包给防御共生体，防御共生体应受到与宿主自身免疫系统相似的进化压力的影响。保护性共生体提供有效和专门的保护，并应对寄生虫不断变化的选择压力。在这里，我们使用蚜虫蚜虫，其保护性共生汉密尔顿菌和其寄生的Lysiphlebus fabarum测试寄生虫多样性是否可以在保护性共生体中维持多样性。我们将具有相同初始共生体组成的蚜虫种群暴露于多样性不同的类寄生虫种群。正如预期的那样，单一的拟寄生虫基因型最倾向于单一的共生体，该共生体对该种特定的拟寄生虫具有最强的保护作用，而多种共生菌仍在暴露于更多种类的拟寄生虫种群的蚜虫中持续存在，这反过来又影响了蚜虫种群的密度和寄生率。寄生虫多样性对于维持自然界中的共生体多样性至关重要。

更新日期：2020-07-06

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