COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has turned into a pandemic. It spreads through droplet transmission of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It is an RNA virus displaying a spike protein as the major surface protein with significant sequence similarity to SARS-CoV which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. The receptor binding domain of the spike protein interacts with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and is considered as the antigenic determinant for stimulating an immune response. While multiple candidate vaccines are currently under different stages of development, there are no known therapeutic interventions at the moment. This review describes the key genetic features that are being considered for generating vaccine candidates by employing innovative technologies. It also highlights the global efforts being undertaken to deliver vaccines for COVID-19 through unprecedented international cooperation and future challenges post development.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 疫苗的全球努力：因为我们迟早都会感染冠状病毒

COVID-19 是一种新出现的传染病，已演变为大流行病。它通过新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 的飞沫传播传播。它是一种 RNA 病毒，以刺突蛋白为主要表面蛋白，与导致严重急性呼吸系统综合症的 SARS-CoV 具有显着的序列相似性。刺突蛋白的受体结合域与人血管紧张素转化酶 2 相互作用，被认为是刺激免疫反应的抗原决定簇。虽然多种候选疫苗目前处于不同的开发阶段，但目前还没有已知的治疗干预措施。本综述描述了正在考虑通过采用创新技术生成候选疫苗的关键遗传特征。