The impact of climatic conditions on human beings can be assessed using bioclimatic indices. In this study, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was applied to assess the bioclimate in Russia. Seasonal features, region-specific features, and extreme values of the UTCI were considered in the climatic conditions of 2001–2015. The UTCI values for the datasets were obtained in the daytime (at 15:00) and at night (at 03:00) in the territory of Russia using the software package BioKlima 2.6. Daily current meteorological data were used as input for the calculations, including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and total cloud cover. It was established that all categories of cold stress and almost all categories of heat stress are observed in Russia, but the cold stress conditions prevail. In winter, cold stress of various categories predominated over almost the entire territory in both the daytime and at night. In summer, conditions of no heat stress and comfort were observed in the largest part of Russia, while conditions of moderate heat stress were noted in the south of the European part during daytime hours. Extreme cold stress occurred over almost the entire territory of Russia with the exception of the west border, the foothills of the Caucasus and the coasts of the Black and Caspian Seas. In the largest part of the country, the maximum UTCI values for the study period corresponded to slight and strong heat stress.

中文翻译：

---

使用通用热气候指数 (UTCI) 评估俄罗斯的生物气候条件

气候条件对人类的影响可以使用生物气候指数进行评估。在这项研究中，通用热气候指数 (UTCI) 被应用于评估俄罗斯的生物气候。在 2001-2015 年的气候条件下考虑了 UTCI 的季节特征、区域特征和极值。数据集的 UTCI 值是在俄罗斯境内使用软件包 BioKlima 2.6 在白天（15:00）和晚上（03:00）获得的。每日当前气象数据用作计算的输入，包括气温、相对湿度、风速和总云量。已确定在俄罗斯观察到所有类别的冷应激和几乎所有类别的热应激，但冷应激条件占优势。在冬天，白天和晚上，几乎整个领土都受到各种类型的冷胁迫。在夏季，俄罗斯大部分地区没有出现热应激和舒适的情况，而欧洲部分南部的白天则出现中等热应激条件。除西部边界、高加索山麓和黑海和里海沿岸外，俄罗斯几乎整个领土都出现了极端冷应力。在该国大部分地区，研究期间的最大 UTCI 值对应于轻微和强烈的热应激。而在白天，欧洲部分南部出现了中等热应激条件。除西部边界、高加索山麓和黑海和里海沿岸外，俄罗斯几乎整个领土都出现了极端冷应力。在该国大部分地区，研究期间的最大 UTCI 值对应于轻微和强烈的热应激。而在白天，欧洲部分南部出现了中等热应激条件。除西部边界、高加索山麓和黑海和里海沿岸外，俄罗斯几乎整个领土都出现了极端冷应力。在该国大部分地区，研究期间的最大 UTCI 值对应于轻微和强烈的热应激。