Many plants show capacity for selective spatial and temporal expansion or foraging despite being sessile. In biogeomorphic coastal foredunes, the plant species that inhabit or colonize an area post-storm will affect habitat stability and thus future storm response. Along the mid-Atlantic US, invasive Asiatic sand sedge (Carex kobomugi) has come to dominate foredunes since its introduction in 1929 at Island Beach State Park, New Jersey. To understand controls on foredune invasive expansion, we mapped stand expanses along 3-km of foredune here since 2008, relative to shifting habitat features such as the location of the foredune crest and denuded areas ripe for colonization. Invasive stands have been laterally expanding from pre-existing stands with temporal variation in stand size and density. Stand area loss only occurred due to Hurricane Sandy, but burial level from Sandy did not impact this. Hurricane Sandy fragmented and destroyed stands, but these stands recovered by coalescing over time, and then expanded further whereby stands that lost more in the storm grew larger over 10 years than those that were eroded less. The invasive sedge shows some directionality in growth, typically expanding, but not consistenly across time, further from the crest which experiences less salt spray. Carex kobomugi also spread more extensively into adjacent vegetation than into bare areas, suggesting that replacement of natives is more likely than colonization of open habitat space. Plants are the foundation of coastal foredune systems. Understanding where invasive species are expanding and the underlying controls on invasion is key to predicting current and future impacts related to climate change and resultant changes in future storm frequency and intensity.

许多植物尽管无梗，但显示出选择性的时空扩展或觅食的能力。在生物地貌沿海的禁忌中，风暴后栖息或定殖在某个区域的植物物种将影响栖息地的稳定性，从而影响未来的风暴响应。沿美国中部大西洋沿岸侵入性亚洲砂（Carex kobomugi自1929年在新泽西州的岛屿海滩州立公园（Island Beach State Park）推出以来，它已成为主要的避风港。为了了解对前足侵入性扩张的控制，我们绘制了自2008年以来此处沿前远3公里的立地扩张图，相对于变化的栖息地特征（例如前缘c的位置和成熟的裸露区域）。随着林分大小和密度的时间变化，入侵林分已经从现有林分横向扩展。林地损失仅是由于飓风桑迪造成的，但桑迪的埋葬水平并未对此造成影响。桑迪飓风支离破碎并破坏了林分，但随着时间的流逝，这些林分通过合并而恢复，然后进一步扩大，从而使在风暴中损失更多的林分在10年内变得比侵蚀较少的林分更大。侵入性莎草显示出一定的生长方向性，苔藓（Carex kobomugi）还比裸露区域更广泛地扩散到邻近的植被中，这表明与开阔的栖息地空间定殖相比，替换本地人更有可能。植物是沿海地堡系统的基础。了解入侵物种在何处扩展以及对入侵的基本控制是预测与气候变化以及未来风暴频率和强度的最终变化有关的当前和未来影响的关键。