Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different cotton (Gossipium hirsutum)-based management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado on soil’s physical and chemical quality, using multivariate analysis techniques. The experiment was conducted in areas of cotton production in the state of Mato Grosso, located in the Cerrado biome and Cerrado/Amazon ecotone. Soil samples were obtained from 1162 plots of 10 ha each to evaluate the effects of cotton production systems. These plots were distributed in the main production sub region of the state of Mato Grosso. Soil samples were obtained in the 0−20 cm layer to evaluate chemical quality, carbon and nitrogen content, texture and bulk density. Seed cotton yield was estimated by harvesting 4 rows, each of 5 m length. Clay contents varied from a low of 54 to a high of 778 g kg−1. Six cotton production clusters were established by means of a dendrogram. Principal component analysis explained almost 77% of all data variability, highlighting the effect of the evaluated soil attributes and altitude on cotton yields. The highest soil carbon (59.0 Mg ha−1) and nitrogen (3.5 Mg ha−1) stocks were observed in the clusters that used conservation agriculture practices. Clusters characterized by a high productivity were observed in regions with altitude of >600 m, but without any common soil parameters. Cotton production areas with the longest cultivation periods were characterized by having the highest soil fertility. The highest yields (4195 kg ha−1) of cotton in the state of Mato Grosso were obtained in regions with higher altitudes, associated with the use of conservation practices.

中文翻译：

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巴西塞拉多的棉花生产系统：土壤属性对田间规模产量的影响

摘要 本研究的目的是使用多变量分析技术评估巴西塞拉多不同基于棉花（Gossipium hirsutum）的管理系统对土壤物理和化学质量的影响。该试验在位于塞拉多生物群落和塞拉多/亚马逊交错带的马托格罗索州的棉花生产区进行。土壤样品是从 1162 个地块中获得的，每个地块 10 公顷，以评估棉花生产系统的影响。这些地块分布在马托格罗索州的主要产区。在 0-20 cm 层获得土壤样品以评估化学质量、碳和氮含量、质地和堆积密度。通过收获 4 行，每行 5 m 长来估算籽棉产量。粘土含量从低的 54 到高的 778 g kg-1。通过树状图建立了六个棉花生产集群。主成分分析解释了几乎 77% 的所有数据变异性，突出了评估的土壤属性和海拔对棉花产量的影响。在使用保护性农业实践的集群中观察到最高的土壤碳 (59.0 Mg ha-1) 和氮 (3.5 Mg ha-1) 储量。在海拔>600 m 的地区观察到以高生产力为特征的集群，但没有任何共同的土壤参数。种植期最长的棉花产区的特点是土壤肥力最高。马托格罗索州棉花产量最高（4195 kg ha-1）是在海拔较高的地区获得的，这与保护措施的使用有关。