Lithium metal is considered a promising anode material because of its high specific capacity and low redox potential. However, there are two factors that prevent a lithium metal anode from being used, a safety issue caused by dendrite formation and a low Coulombic efficiency caused by the formation of a solid electrolyte interface. Solving these problems by designing reliable liquid electrolytes is an appropriate strategy for two reasons. First, it is the only method that has good compatibility with the current industrial fabrication techniques for lithium ion pouch cells, compared with other strategies such as the use of 3D current collectors or solid-state electrolytes. Second, liquid electrolytes can achieve good kinetics and avoid an energy density loss caused by non-active materials in 3D current collectors. To better understand the benefits which can be realized by designing reliable liquid electrolytes, this review discusses state-of-art electrolyte modification strategies and the mechanisms for improving the performance of a lithium metal anode by the proper selection, design and combination of solvents, solutes, and additives. Furthermore, the problems related to electrolyte modification, and advanced characterization techniques for the anode/electrolyte interface and for solvent-ion interactions are introduced. It is expected that this review will stimulate scientists and engineers to design promising electrolyte components for developing reliable lithium metal batteries.

锂金属由于其高的比容量和低的氧化还原电位而被认为是有前途的阳极材料。然而，有两个因素阻止使用锂金属阳极：由树枝状晶体形成引起的安全性问题和由固体电解质界面形成引起的低库仑效率。通过设计可靠的液体电解质来解决这些问题是一种适当的策略，其原因有两个。首先，与其他策略（例如使用3D集电器或固态电解质）相比，这是与锂离子袋式电池的当前工业制造技术具有良好兼容性的唯一方法。其次，液体电解质可以实现良好的动力学性能，避免3D集电器中非活性材料引起的能量密度损失。为了更好地理解，其可通过设计可靠的液体电解质来实现的好处，这条讨论国家的本领域电解质修改策略和用于通过溶剂的适当选择，设计和组合提高锂金属阳极的性能的机制，溶质以及添加剂。此外，介绍了与电解质改性有关的问题，以及用于阳极/电解质界面和溶剂-离子相互作用的高级表征技术。预计这次审查将刺激科学家和工程师设计有前景的电解质组件，以开发可靠的锂金属电池。此综述讨论国家的本领域电解质修改策略和用于通过溶剂，溶质和添加剂的适当选择，设计和组合提高锂金属阳极的性能的机制。此外，介绍了与电解质改性有关的问题，以及用于阳极/电解质界面和溶剂-离子相互作用的高级表征技术。预计这次审查将刺激科学家和工程师设计有前景的电解质组件，以开发可靠的锂金属电池。此综述讨论国家的本领域电解质修改策略和用于通过溶剂，溶质和添加剂的适当选择，设计和组合提高锂金属阳极的性能的机制。此外，介绍了与电解质改性有关的问题，以及用于阳极/电解质界面和溶剂-离子相互作用的高级表征技术。预计这次审查将刺激科学家和工程师设计有前景的电解质组件，以开发可靠的锂金属电池。并介绍了用于阳极/电解质界面以及溶剂-离子相互作用的先进表征技术。预计这次审查将刺激科学家和工程师设计有前景的电解质组件，以开发可靠的锂金属电池。并介绍了用于阳极/电解质界面以及溶剂-离子相互作用的先进表征技术。预计这次审查将刺激科学家和工程师设计有前景的电解质组件，以开发可靠的锂金属电池。