Objectives

To assess symptoms and signs of the dry anophthalmic socket syndrome (DASS) in a standardized manner.

Methods

87 unilateral anophthalmic patients were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5), and a modified version of Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye (SANDE) questionnaire separately for the anophthalmic socket and for the healthy fellow eye. Conjunctival inflammation was semi-quantitatively graded and Schirmer I test with topical anesthesia was performed bilaterally. The correlations between scores of the dry eye questionnaires and the results of the Schirmer tests, conjunctival inflammation, and demographic data were examined.

Results

Patients had significantly higher OSDI, DEQ-5 and SANDE scores at the anophthalmic side compared to the healthy eye (p ≤ 0.019, respectively). 63% of patients complained of anophthalmic socket dryness in at least one of the three questionnaires. Patients had higher inflammation (p < 0.001) and more tear volume in the Schirmer I test with topical anesthesia (p ≤ 0.024) on the anophthalmic side compared to the fellow eye.

Conclusions

Most anophthalmic patients have significantly more subjective dryness complaints on their anophthalmic side compared to the healthy fellow eye, even in absence of tear deficiency and clinical blepharitis. Eye care practitioners should consider the diagnosis criteria and the definition for DASS proposed in this study, when counseling anophthalmic patients. However, research should be undertaken to investigate the role and the interactions of causative etiological causes for DASS. Furthermore, there is a high priority to establish a standardized examination protocol and to develop an evidence-based treatment algorithm for DASS.

中文翻译：

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干性无眼座综合症-症状和体征的标准化临床评估。

目标

以标准化方式评估干性眼球插座症候群（DASS）的症状和体征。

方法

分别使用眼表疾病指数（OSDI），五项干眼问卷（DEQ-5）和经修订的症状评估iN干眼问卷（SANDE）问卷评估了87例单侧眼科患者的眼科疾病。健康的同伴眼睛。对结膜炎进行半定量分级，并在双侧进行局部麻醉的Schirmer I试验。检查了干眼问卷的得分与Schirmer测试结果，结膜炎症和人口统计学数据之间的相关性。

结果

与健康的眼睛相比，患者在眼科方面的OSDI，DEQ-5和SANDE评分显着更高（分别为p≤0.019）。至少有三份问卷中有63％的患者抱怨眼眶干燥。与另一只眼睛相比，在经鼻麻醉侧局部麻醉的Schirmer I测试中，患者炎症更高（p <0.001）和泪液量更大（p≤0.024）。

结论

即使没有眼泪缺乏和临床睑缘炎，大多数无眼病患者与健康的同龄人相比，其无眼病患者的主观干燥症状明显增加。在为非眼科患者提供咨询时，眼保健医生应考虑本研究中提出的DASS的诊断标准和定义。但是，应该进行研究以调查DASS病因的病因和作用。此外，建立标准化检查协议并开发DASS的循证治疗算法是当务之急。