Bee hotels are increasingly set up by land managers in public parks to promote wild bee populations. However, we have very little evidence of the usefulness of bee hotels as tools to help the conservation of wild bees within cities. In this study, we installed 96 bee hotels in public parks of Marseille (France) for a year and followed their use as a nesting substrate by the local fauna. The most abundant species that emerged from bee hotels was the exotic bee species Megachile sculpturalis, representing 40% of all individuals. Moreover, we only detected four native bee species all belonging to the Osmia genus. More worryingly, we found a negative correlation between the occurrence of M. sculpturalis in bee hotels and the presence of native bees. One hypothesis to explain this result might be linked to the described territorial and aggressive behaviour of M. sculpturalis toward the nests built by the native fauna. This study raises the question about the usefulness of bee hotels for the conservation of native bees especially within cities harbouring high abundance of exotic bees. We provide here concrete advices to land managers to build bee hotels that can both host native bees and prevent the installation of M. sculpturalis.

土地管理者越来越多地在公园内开办养蜂酒店，以促进野蜂种群。但是，我们几乎没有证据表明蜜蜂酒店作为帮助保护城市内野生蜜蜂的工具有用。在这项研究中，我们在法国马赛的公园中安装了96家蜜蜂酒店，为期一年，然后将它们用作当地动物的巢穴。从蜜蜂旅馆中出现的最丰富的物种是外来蜜蜂物种Megachile sculpturalis，占所有个体的40％。此外，我们仅检测到四种均属于Osmia属的本地蜂种。更令人担忧的是，我们发现雕塑家M. sculpturalis的发生之间存在负相关在蜜蜂酒店和本地蜜蜂的存在。一个假说来解释这一结果可能与所描述的领土和攻击行为M. sculpturalis向由当地动物建造的巢穴。这项研究提出了关于养蜂酒店是否对养护本地蜂特别是在拥有大量外来蜂的城市内养蜂的有用性的问题。我们在这里为土地管理者提供具体建议，以建造既可以容纳本地蜜蜂又可以防止安装M. sculpturalis的蜜蜂酒店。