Background Somatic chromosomal mosaicism is the presence of cell populations differing with respect to the chromosome complements (e.g. normal and abnormal) in an individual. Chromosomal mosaicism is associated with a wide spectrum of disease conditions and aging. Studying somatic genome variations has indicated that amounts of chromosomally abnormal cells are likely to be unstable. As a result, dynamic changes of mosaicism rates occur through ontogeny. Additionally, a correlation between disease severity and mosaicism rates appears to exist. High mosaicism rates are usually associated with severe disease phenotypes, whereas low-level mosaicism is generally observed in milder disease phenotypes or in presumably unaffected individuals. Here, we hypothesize that dynamic nature of somatic chromosomal mosaicism may result from genetic-environmental interactions creating therapeutic opportunities in the associated diseases and aging. Conclusion Genetic-environmental interactions seem to contribute to the dynamic nature of somatic mosaicism. Accordingly, an external influence on cellular populations may shift the ratio of karyotypically normal and abnormal cells in favor of an increase in the amount of cells without chromosome rearrangements. Taking into account the role of somatic chromosomal mosaicism in health and disease, we have hypothesized that artificial changing of somatic mosaicism rates may be beneficial in individuals suffering from the associated diseases and/or behavioral or reproductive problems. In addition, such therapeutic procedures might be useful for anti-aging strategies (i.e. possible rejuvenation through a decrease in levels of chromosomal mosaicism) increasing the lifespan. Finally, the hypothesis appears to be applicable to any type of somatic mosacism.

中文翻译：

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体细胞染色体嵌合体的动态性质、遗传-环境相互作用以及疾病和衰老的治疗机会。

背景 体细胞染色体嵌合是指个体中存在不同染色体互补体（例如正常和异常）的细胞群。染色体嵌合与多种疾病和衰老有关。研究体细胞基因组变异表明，染色体异常细胞的数量可能不稳定。结果，嵌合率通过个体发育发生动态变化。此外，疾病严重程度和嵌合率之间似乎存在相关性。高嵌合率通常与严重的疾病表型相关，而低水平的嵌合通常在较轻的疾病表型或可能未受影响的个体中观察到。在这里，我们假设体细胞染色体嵌合体的动态性质可能是由遗传-环境相互作用造成的，为相关疾病和衰老创造了治疗机会。结论 遗传-环境相互作用似乎有助于体细胞嵌合体的动态性质。因此，对细胞群的外部影响可能会改变核型正常和异常细胞的比例，有利于没有染色体重排的细胞数量的增加。考虑到体细胞染色体嵌合体在健康和疾病中的作用，我们假设人工改变体细胞嵌合体率可能对患有相关疾病和/或行为或生殖问题的个体有益。此外，此类治疗程序可能有助于抗衰老策略（即通过降低染色体镶嵌水平可能实现返老还童），从而延长寿命。最后，该假设似乎适用于任何类型的体细胞镶嵌。