Increasing landscape heterogeneity, both in terms of composition and configuration, can promote natural enemies and biological control in agricultural landscapes. However, relatively poor information exists about the effects of landscape heterogeneity on lacewings, which are a major group of predators. Furthermore, temporal changes of landscape effects on natural enemy dynamics remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated how landscape composition and configuration affect lacewings and their biological control potential on leafhoppers. Lacewings and leafhoppers were sampled from April to July in 10 vineyards located in southwestern France. The vineyards were selected along a gradient of a proportion of semi‐natural habitats in the landscape. The proportion of semi‐natural habitats positively affected the abundance of adults and eggs, as well as species richness, of lacewings, alone or in interaction with the sampling month. Landscape configuration was never found to enhance abundance or species richness of lacewings. Finally, the predator–prey ratio increased through time but did not respond to landscape composition or configuration. Our study highlights that the proportion of semi‐natural habitats increases both abundance and diversity of lacewings in vineyard landscapes but that this effect varies over time. This result indicates the need to assess the variability of landscape effects over time to maximize biological pest control services in agricultural landscapes.

中文翻译：

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景观成分对葡萄园草蛉（Chrysopidae：Neuroptera）影响的时间变化

在组成和配置方面增加景观异质性可以促进农业景观中的天敌和生物控制。然而，关于景观异质性对草蛉的影响的信息相对较少，草蛉是主要的捕食者群体。此外，景观对天敌动态影响的时间变化在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里，我们研究了景观组成和配置如何影响草蛉及其对叶蝉的生物控制潜力。从 4 月到 7 月，在法国西南部的 10 个葡萄园中对草蛉和叶蝉进行了采样。葡萄园是沿着景观中一定比例的半自然栖息地的梯度选择的。半自然栖息地的比例对成虫和卵的丰度产生积极影响，以及草蛉的物种丰富度，单独或与采样月份相互作用。从未发现景观配置可以提高草蛉的丰度或物种丰富度。最后，捕食者-猎物比例随着时间的推移而增加，但对景观组成或配置没有反应。我们的研究强调，半自然栖息地的比例增加了葡萄园景观中草蛉的丰度和多样性，但这种影响随时间而变化。这一结果表明需要评估景观影响随时间的变化，以最大限度地提高农业景观中的生物害虫防治服务。捕食者-猎物比例随着时间的推移而增加，但对景观构成或配置没有反应。我们的研究强调，半自然栖息地的比例增加了葡萄园景观中草蛉的丰度和多样性，但这种影响随时间而变化。这一结果表明需要评估景观影响随时间的变化，以最大限度地提高农业景观中的生物害虫防治服务。捕食者-猎物比例随着时间的推移而增加，但对景观构成或配置没有反应。我们的研究强调，半自然栖息地的比例增加了葡萄园景观中草蛉的丰度和多样性，但这种影响随时间而变化。这一结果表明需要评估景观影响随时间的变化，以最大限度地提高农业景观中的生物害虫防治服务。