Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the human Ureaplasma species are most frequently isolated from the amniotic fluid and placenta in these cases. Ureaplasma colonisation is associated with infertility, stillbirth, histologic chorioamnionitis, and neonatal morbidities, including congenital pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, meningitis and perinatal death. The human Ureaplasma spp. are separated into Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum with 14 known serotypes. The small genome has several genes, which code for surface proteins; most significantly the Multiple Banded Antigen (MBA) where an antigenic C-terminal domain elicits a host antibody response. Other genes code for various virulence factors such as IgA protease and urease. Ureaplasma spp. infection is diagnosed by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and commercial assays are available to improve turnaround time. Microbroth dilution assays are routinely used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Ureaplasma spp. especially against doxycycline, azithromycin, ofloxacin and josamycin. Resistance to macrolides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines has been reported. A concise review of Ureaplasma spp. and their role in pregnancy outcomes, especially preterm birth, offers insight into the early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy to prevent long-term complications of Ureaplasma spp. infections.

中文翻译：

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脲原体种类和早产：当前观点。

早产是全球新生儿发病率和死亡率的主要原因，在这些情况下，人类尿素原种最常从羊水和胎盘中分离出来。脲原体定植与不育，死产，组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎和新生儿疾病有关，包括先天性肺炎，支气管肺发育不良，脑膜炎和围产期死亡。人类脲原体。分为具有14种已知血清型的解脲脲原体和小脲脲原体。这个小的基因组有几个基因，它们编码表面蛋白。最重要的是多带抗原（MBA），其中抗原性C末端结构域引起宿主抗体应答。其他基因编码各种毒力因子，例如IgA蛋白酶和脲酶。脲原体 感染可通过培养和聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行诊断，并且可以通过商业化验来缩短周转时间。常规使用微汤稀释测定法来测试临床脲原体的抗菌药敏性。尤其是抗强力霉素，阿奇霉素，氧氟沙星和若沙霉素。据报道对大环内酯类，氟喹诺酮类和四环素类药物具有抗药性。对Ureaplasma spp的简要概述。它们在妊娠结局，特别是早产中的作用，为早期诊断和适当的抗生素治疗提供了见识，以预防尿素原种的长期并发症。感染。尤其是抗强力霉素，阿奇霉素，氧氟沙星和若沙霉素。据报道对大环内酯类，氟喹诺酮类和四环素类药物具有抗药性。对Ureaplasma spp的简要概述。它们在妊娠结局，特别是早产中的作用，为早期诊断和适当的抗生素治疗提供了见识，以预防尿素原种的长期并发症。感染。尤其是抗强力霉素，阿奇霉素，氧氟沙星和若沙霉素。据报道对大环内酯类，氟喹诺酮类和四环素类药物具有抗药性。对Ureaplasma spp的简要概述。它们在妊娠结局，特别是早产中的作用，为早期诊断和适当的抗生素治疗提供了见识，以预防尿素原种的长期并发症。感染。