Little is known about the ecological importance of low-order tidal marsh channels to fishes in the San Francisco Estuary, California. We conducted a passive mark-recapture study to compare residency, site fidelity, and movement patterns of fishes in a small intertidal channel (0.1 km 2 ) in a large tidal marsh reserve (4.25 km 2 ). We coupled continuous, high-frequency data on movements of fish tagged with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags and abiotic conditions from a PIT-detector and datasonde, respectively. Novel insights were gained by employing TidalTrend , a software program that characterizes tidal time-series data for ecological interpretation. Overall, we found that fishes exhibited different patterns of intertidal habitat use: the resident species, tule perch ( Hysterocarpus traski ), consistently spent more time per visit, per day, and per season using the intertidal channel, except during the reproductive window in spring; the transient species, Sacramento splittail ( Pogonichthys macrolepidotus ) and striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ), were more opportunistic and exhibited higher individual variation in movement patterns. Generalized additive mixed models indicated that tide height, rate of change in tide height, tidal inequality, time of day, lunar phase, and water temperature better predicted fish detections than other variables, but their effects varied across species. Based on our findings, we posit that time, through tides, allows habitat partitioning among fish species and individuals with different life-history types. Furthermore, functional connectivity between subtidal and intertidal channels in tidal marshes is a feature of the estuarine mosaic that should be integrated into habitat restoration designs in the San Francisco Estuary.

中文翻译：

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潮汐对旧金山河口三种鱼类沼泽栖息地利用的影响

关于加利福尼亚州旧金山河口低阶潮汐沼泽通道对鱼类的生态重要性知之甚少。我们进行了一项被动标记重新捕获研究，以比较大型潮汐沼泽保护区 (4.25 km 2 ) 中小型潮间带通道 (0.1 km 2 ) 中鱼类的栖息地、现场保真度和运动模式。我们分别从 PIT 探测器和数据探空仪耦合了带有被动集成转发器 (PIT) 标签的鱼类运动的连续高频数据和非生物条件。通过使用 TidalTrend 获得了新的见解，TidalTrend 是一种软件程序，可表征潮汐时间序列数据以进行生态解释。总体而言，我们发现鱼类表现出不同的潮间带栖息地利用模式：常驻物种 tule perch ( Hysterocarpus traski ) 每次访问都花费更多时间，每天和每个季节使用潮间带通道，春季繁殖期除外；过渡物种 Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) 和条纹鲈鱼 (Morone saxatilis) 更具机会性，并且在运动模式中表现出更高的个体差异。广义加性混合模型表明，潮高、潮高变化率、潮汐不等性、一天中的时间、月相和水温比其他变量更能预测鱼类检测，但它们的影响因物种而异。根据我们的发现，我们假设时间，通过潮汐，允许不同生活史类型的鱼类和个体之间的栖息地划分。此外，