In the last decade, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was increasingly used in the field of wastewater treatment. Due to its oxidative capability, HC was applied to treat aqueous effluents polluted by organic, toxic and bio-refractory contaminants, whereas its mechanical and chemical effects have allowed to disintegrate cells of microorganisms in biological applications. Due to their geometries, HC can be detected in some reactors, in which a variation of hydraulic parameters in the fluid such as flow pressure and flow velocity is induced. HC process involves the formation, growth, implosion and subsequent collapse of cavities, occurring in a very short period of time and releasing large magnitudes of power. In this paper, the vast literature on HC is critically reviewed, focusing on the basic principles behind it, in terms of process definition and analysis of governing mechanisms of both HC generation and pollutants degradation. The influence of various parameters on HC effectiveness was assessed, considering fluid properties, construction features of HC devices and technological aspects of processes. The synergetic effect of HC combined with chemicals or other techniques was discussed. An overview of the main devices used for HC generation and different existing methods to evaluate the cavitation effectiveness was provided. Knowledge buildup and optimization for such complex systems from mathematical modeling was highlighted.

中文翻译：

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使用水动力空化过程对废水处理厂的现有技术进行批判性回顾：原理和应用。


在过去的十年中，水力空化（HC）越来越多地应用于废水处理领域。由于其氧化能力，HC 可用于处理被有机、有毒和生物难降解污染物污染的废水，而其机械和化学作用可在生物应用中分解微生物细胞。由于其几何形状，可以在一些反应器中检测到 HC，在这些反应器中会引起流体中水力参数（例如流动压力和流速）的变化。 HC 过程涉及空腔的形成、生长、内爆和随后的塌陷，发生在很短的时间内并释放大量的能量。本文对大量有关 HC 的文献进行了批判性回顾，重点关注其背后的基本原理，包括 HC 产生和污染物降解的过程定义和控制机制分析。考虑流体特性、HC 装置的结构特征和工艺的技术方面，评估了各种参数对 HC 有效性的影响。讨论了 HC 与化学品或其他技术相结合的协同效应。概述了用于 HC 生成的主要设备以及评估空化有效性的现有不同方法。强调了通过数学建模对此类复杂系统进行知识积累和优化。