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Observations of equatorial plasma bubbles using a low-cost 630.0-nm all-sky imager in Ishigaki Island, Japan
Earth, Planets and Space ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01187-1
Keisuke Hosokawa , Kohei Takami , Susumu Saito , Yasunobu Ogawa , Yuichi Otsuka , Kazuo Shiokawa , Chia-Hung Chen , Chien-Hung Lin

Here, we introduce a low-cost airglow imaging system developed for observing plasma bubble signatures in 630.0-nm airglow emission from the F region of the ionosphere. The system is composed of a small camera, optical filter, and fish-eye lens, and is operated using free software that automatically records video from the camera. A pilot system was deployed in Ishigaki Island in the southern part of Japan (Lat 24.4, Lon 124.4, Mlat 19.6) and was operated for ~ 1.5 years from 2014 to 2016 corresponding to the recent solar maximum period. The pilot observations demonstrated that it was difficult to identify the plasma bubble signature in the raw image captured every 4 s. However, the quality of the image could be improved by reducing the random noise of instrumental origin through an integration of 30 consecutive raw images obtained in 2 min and further by subtracting the 1-h averaged background image. We compared the deviation images to those from a co-existing airglow imager of OMTIs, which is equipped with a back-illuminated cooled CCD camera with a high quantum efficiency of ~ 90%. It was confirmed that the low-cost airglow imager is capable of imaging the spatial structure of plasma bubbles, including their bifurcating traces. The results of these pilot observations in Ishigaki Island will allow us to distribute the low-cost imager in a wide area and construct a network for monitoring plasma bubbles and their space weather impacts on satellite navigation systems.

中文翻译:

在日本石垣岛使用低成本 630.0 nm 全天成像仪观测赤道等离子体气泡

在这里,我们介绍了一种低成本的气辉成像系统,该系统用于观察电离层 F 区域的 630.0 nm 气辉发射中的等离子体气泡特征。该系统由一个小型摄像头、滤光片和鱼眼镜头组成,并使用免费软件进行操作,该软件会自动记录来自摄像头的视频。在日本南部的石垣岛(纬度 24.4、经度 124.4、Mlat 19.6)部署了一个试点系统,并从 2014 年到 2016 年运行了约 1.5 年,对应于最近的太阳活动高峰期。试点观察表明,很难在每 4 秒捕获的原始图像中识别等离子体气泡特征。然而,通过对 2 分钟内获得的 30 个连续原始图像进行积分,并进一步减去 1 小时平均背景图像,可以降低仪器来源的随机噪声,从而提高图像质量。我们将偏差图像与 OMTI 的共存气辉成像仪的偏差图像进行了比较,该成像仪配备了背照式冷却 CCD 相机,量子效率高达 90%。经证实,低成本气辉成像仪能够对等离子体气泡的空间结构进行成像,包括它们的分叉痕迹。这些在石垣岛进行的试点观测结果将使我们能够在大范围内分发低成本的成像仪,并构建一个网络来监测等离子体气泡及其对卫星导航系统的空间天气影响。我们将偏差图像与 OMTI 的共存气辉成像仪的偏差图像进行了比较,该成像仪配备了背照式冷却 CCD 相机,量子效率高达 90%。经证实,低成本气辉成像仪能够对等离子体气泡的空间结构进行成像,包括它们的分叉痕迹。这些在石垣岛进行的试点观测结果将使我们能够在大范围内分发低成本的成像仪,并构建一个网络来监测等离子体气泡及其对卫星导航系统的空间天气影响。我们将偏差图像与 OMTI 的共存气辉成像仪的偏差图像进行了比较,该成像仪配备了背照式冷却 CCD 相机,量子效率高达 90%。经证实,低成本气辉成像仪能够对等离子体气泡的空间结构进行成像,包括它们的分叉痕迹。这些在石垣岛进行的试点观测结果将使我们能够在大范围内分发低成本成像仪,并构建一个网络,用于监测等离子体气泡及其对卫星导航系统的空间天气影响。经证实,低成本气辉成像仪能够对等离子体气泡的空间结构进行成像,包括它们的分叉痕迹。这些在石垣岛进行的试点观测结果将使我们能够在大范围内分发低成本成像仪,并构建一个网络,用于监测等离子体气泡及其对卫星导航系统的空间天气影响。经证实,低成本气辉成像仪能够对等离子体气泡的空间结构进行成像,包括它们的分叉痕迹。这些在石垣岛进行的试点观测结果将使我们能够在大范围内分发低成本的成像仪,并构建一个网络来监测等离子体气泡及其对卫星导航系统的空间天气影响。
更新日期:2020-05-06
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