Social norms that shape people’s emotional expression are called cultural display rules (CDRs). Training in counseling psychology emphasizes cultural context in understanding clients, but it is unclear the degree of training specifically focused on students acquiring skills in emotional expression systems connected to diverse cultures. This qualitative study investigated 99 counseling psychology trainees’ knowledge and experiences of CDRs. Based on thematic analysis, we found four superordinate themes: (a) General Knowledge and Awareness, (b) Therapy Elements and Processes, (c) Personal Experiences with CDRs, and (d) Training. Several subthemes emerged in each area. Although participants expressed a range of complexity in knowledge and awareness of CDRs, they reported a lack of systematic integration of CDRs in their training. Recommendations for integrating CDR knowledge into training counseling psychology students with a focus on developing multicultural and international competencies and improving clinical decision-making are provided.

中文翻译：

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辅导心理学学员的文化展示规则知识

塑造人们情感表达的社会规范被称为文化展示规则 (CDR)。咨询心理学培训强调了解客户的文化背景，但目前尚不清楚培训的程度专门针对学生获得与不同文化相关的情感表达系统的技能。这项定性研究调查了 99 名咨询心理学学员对 CDR 的知识和经验。基于主题分析，我们发现了四个上级主题：(a) 一般知识和意识，(b) 治疗要素和过程，(c) CDR 的个人经验，以及 (d) 培训。每个领域都出现了几个子主题。尽管参与者表达了对 CDR 的知识和意识的一系列复杂性，但他们报告说在他们的培训中缺乏 CDR 的系统整合。