In this work, an anti-icing structured surface was fabricated by combining laser ablation with hydrothermal treatment. A micro-patterned surface on a Ti alloy (TC4) substrate was easily fabricated by a highly effective nanosecond pulsed laser ablation. It was observed that titania (TiO₂) nanostructures were formed by hydrothermal treatment in aqueous alkali on the laser ablated TC4 substrate to obtain the micro/nano-hierarchical structures. The growth mechanism of the tunable nanoarrays was discussed by the adjustment of hydrothermal temperature. The as-prepared samples exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity with contact angles greater than 160°. It was found that optimized hydrothermal treatment on laser-processed TC4 substrates could further enhance surface anti-icing property. The results showed that the delay time (DT) had been extended by achieving over 90 min for the water droplets to freeze on the as-prepared structured surfaces, providing great potential in various anti-icing applications.

中文翻译：

---

激光织构TC4基板的微圆锥阵列上通过水热处理可调谐的分层纳米结构，以增强防冰性能

在这项工作中，通过将激光烧蚀与水热处理相结合来制造防冰结构化表面。通过高效的纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀，可以轻松在Ti合金（TC4）基板上制作出微图案表面。观察到二氧化钛（TiO ₂通过在碱金属水溶液中进行水热处理在激光烧蚀的TC4基板上形成纳米结构，以获得微/纳米层级结构。通过调节水热温度讨论了可调纳米阵列的生长机理。所制备的样品表现出优异的超疏水性，接触角大于160°。发现在激光处理的TC4基板上进行优化的水热处理可以进一步增强表面防冰性能。结果表明，通过使水滴冻结在准备好的结构化表面上超过90分钟，可以延长延迟时间（DT），从而为各种防冰应用提供了巨大的潜力。