In the current preregistered fMRI study, we investigated the relationship between religiosity and behavioral and neural mechanisms of conflict processing, as a conceptual replication of the study by Inzlicht et al., (2009). Participants ($N=193$) performed a gender-Stroop task and afterwards completed standardized measures to assess their religiosity. As expected, the task induced cognitive conflict at the behavioral level and at a neural level this was reflected in increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, individual differences in religiosity were not related to performance on the Stroop task as measured in accuracy and interference effects, nor to neural markers of response conflict (correct responses vs. errors) or informational conflict (congruent vs. incongruent stimuli). Overall, we obtained moderate to strong evidence in favor of the null hypotheses that religiosity is unrelated to cognitive conflict sensitivity. We discuss the implications for the neuroscience of religion and emphasize the importance of designing studies that more directly implicate religious concepts and behaviors in an ecologically valid manner.

在当前的预注册功能磁共振成像研究中，我们调查了宗教信仰与冲突处理的行为和神经机制之间的关系，作为Inzlicht等人（2009年）研究的概念复制。参加者（$ñ=193$）执行了性别平等任务，然后完成了标准化措施来评估其宗教信仰。如预期的那样，该任务在行为水平和神经水平诱发了认知冲突，这反映在前扣带回皮质（ACC）的活动增加中。但是，宗教信仰的个体差异与准确性和干扰效应所衡量的Stroop任务的执行情况无关，也与响应冲突的神经标记（正确的响应与错误）或信息冲突（一致的与不一致的刺激）无关。总体而言，我们获得了中度到强烈的证据，支持零假设，即宗教信仰与认知冲突敏感性无关。