The surface of the mucosa is the biggest path through which pathogens enter the human body. We need an understanding of mucosal immune systems to use vaccines that generate protective mucosal and systemic immunity to regulate the outbreak of various infectious diseases. The better impact of the mucosal vaccine over traditional injectable vaccines are that not only do they induce efficient immune reactions to the mucosa but they are also comfortable in physical aspect & psychological aspect. The material of the vaccine includes pathogens antigens and adjuvants, which enable vaccination to be effective. Vaccines are classified into different criteria, including the used vaccine material and method of administration. Vaccines have traditionally been injected through a needle. However, as most of the pathogens first infect the mucosal surfaces, and growing interest is expressed in establishing protective immunity from the mucosa, which is accomplished through mucosal paths through vaccinosis. To improve the existing vaccines further, innovative strategies derived from interdisciplinary scientific research will need to develop new vaccine production, storage, and delivery systems. A distinctive & vast research and development platform has been set up for the growth of the next generation of mucosal vaccinations. The latest science and technological advancement in the areas of molecular biology, bio and chemical engineering, genome and system biology has provided accumulated understanding of the inborn and acquired multi-dimensional immune system. This review summarizes recent developments in the use of mucosal vaccines and their associated nanoadjuvants for the control of infectious diseases.

粘膜表面是病原体进入人体的最大途径。我们需要了解粘膜免疫系统，才能使用能够产生保护性粘膜和全身免疫力的疫苗来调节各种传染病的爆发。粘膜疫苗相对于传统注射疫苗的更好影响是，它们不仅可以诱导对粘膜的有效免疫反应，而且在生理和心理方面也很舒适。疫苗的材料包括病原体抗原和佐剂，可以使疫苗接种有效。疫苗分为不同标准，包括使用的疫苗材料和给药方法。传统上，疫苗是通过针头注射的。但是，由于大多数病原体首先感染粘膜表面，越来越多的兴趣在于建立对粘膜的保护性免疫，这是通过疫苗接种的粘膜途径来实现的。为了进一步改善现有疫苗，需要从跨学科科学研究中获得创新策略，以开发新的疫苗生产，储存和输送系统。已经建立了一个独特且庞大的研发平台，用于下一代粘膜疫苗的发展。分子生物学，生物化学工程，基因组和系统生物学领域的最新科学技术进步，使人们对先天和后天的多维免疫系统有了深入的了解。