BACKGROUND Global Health has increasingly gained international visibility and prominence. First and foremost, the spread of cross-border infectious disease arouses a great deal of media and public interest, just as it drives research priorities of faculty and academic programmes. At the same time, Global Health has become a major area of philanthropic action. Despite the importance it has acquired over the last two decades, the complex collective term "Global Health" still lacks a uniform use today. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to present the existing definitions of Global Health, and analyse their meaning and implications. The paper emphasises that the term "Global Health" goes beyond the territorial meaning of "global", connects local and global, and refers to an explicitly political concept. Global Health regards health as a rights-based, universal good; it takes into account social inequalities, power asymmetries, the uneven distribution of resources and governance challenges. Thus, it represents the necessary continuance of Public Health in the face of diverse and ubiquitous global challenges. A growing number of international players, however, focus on public-private partnerships and privatisation and tend to promote biomedical reductionism through predominantly technological solutions. Moreover, the predominant Global Health concept reflects the inherited hegemony of the Global North. It takes insufficient account of the global burden of disease, which is mainly characterised by non-communicable conditions, and the underlying social determinants of health. CONCLUSIONS Beyond resilience and epidemiological preparedness for preventing cross-border disease threats, Global Health must focus on the social, economic and political determinants of health. Biomedical and technocratic reductionism might be justified in times of acute health crises but entails the risk of selective access to health care. Consistent health-in-all policies are required for ensuring Health for All and sustainably reducing health inequalities within and among countries. Global Health must first and foremost pursue the enforcement of the universal right to health and contribute to overcoming global hegemony.

中文翻译：

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全球卫生-出现，霸权趋势和生物医学还原论。

背景技术全球卫生日益获得国际关注和重视。首先，跨界传染病的传播引起了许多媒体和公共利益的关注，正如它推动了教师和学术计划的研究重点一样。同时，全球健康已成为慈善行动的主要领域。尽管在过去的二十年中它已经变得非常重要，但是复杂的统称“全球卫生”在今天仍然缺乏统一的使用。目的本文的目的是介绍全球卫生的现有定义，并分析其含义和含义。本文强调，“全球健康”一词超越了“全球”的地域含义，连接了本地和全球，并指的是明确的政治概念。全球卫生将健康视为基于权利的普遍利益；它考虑了社会不平等，权力不对称，资源分配不均和治理挑战。因此，它代表着面对各种各样无处不在的全球挑战的公共卫生的必要延续。但是，越来越多的国际参与者将重点放在公私伙伴关系和私有化上，并倾向于通过主要采用技术解决方案来促进生物医学还原主义。此外，主要的全球卫生概念反映了全球北方的继承霸权。它没有充分考虑到主要以非传染性疾病为特征的全球疾病负担以及健康的潜在社会决定因素。结论除了为预防跨境疾病威胁而进行的应变能力和流行病学准备之外，全球卫生还必须关注健康的社会，经济和政治决定因素。在急性健康危机时期，生物医学和技术官僚主义的减少主义可能是有道理的，但存在选择性获得医疗保健的风险。必须采取一致的全民健康政策，以确保全民健康并持续减少国家内部和国家之间的健康不平等。全球卫生必须首先追求普遍健康权的实施，并为克服全球霸权作出贡献。在急性健康危机时期，生物医学和技术官僚主义的减少主义可能是有道理的，但存在选择性获得医疗保健的风险。必须采取一致的全民健康政策，以确保全民健康并持续减少国家内部和国家之间的健康不平等。全球卫生必须首先追求普遍健康权的实施，并为克服全球霸权作出贡献。在急性健康危机时期，生物医学和技术官僚主义的减少主义可能是有道理的，但存在选择性获得医疗保健的风险。必须采取一致的全民健康政策，以确保全民健康并持续减少国家内部和国家之间的健康不平等。全球卫生必须首先追求普遍健康权的实施，并为克服全球霸权作出贡献。