The choroid plexus (CP) forming the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) barrier is among the least studied structures of the central nervous system (CNS) despite its clinical importance. The CP is an epithelio-endothelial convolute comprising a highly vascularized stroma with fenestrated capillaries and a continuous lining of epithelial cells joined by apical tight junctions (TJs) that are crucial in forming the B-CSF barrier. Integrity of the CP is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and B-CSF barrier permeability. Recent experimental and clinical research has uncovered the significance of the CP in the pathophysiology of various diseases affecting the CNS. The CP is involved in penetration of various pathogens into the CNS, as well as the development of neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer´s disease) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Moreover, the CP was shown to be important for restoring brain homeostasis following stroke and trauma. In addition, new diagnostic methods and treatment of CP papilloma and carcinoma have recently been developed. This review describes and summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to the roles of the CP and B-CSF barrier in the pathophysiology of various types of CNS diseases and sets up the foundation for further avenues of research.

中文翻译：

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疾病中的脉络丛和血脑脊液屏障

形成血脑脊液 (B-CSF) 屏障的脉络丛 (CP) 是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中研究最少的结构之一，尽管它具有临床重要性。CP 是一种上皮-内皮回旋结构，由高度血管化的基质和有孔毛细血管组成，以及由顶端紧密连接 (TJ) 连接的连续上皮细胞衬里，这对于形成 B-CSF 屏障至关重要。CP 的完整性对于维持大脑稳态和 B-CSF 屏障通透性至关重要。最近的实验和临床研究揭示了 CP 在影响中枢神经系统的各种疾病的病理生理学中的重要性。CP参与多种病原体渗透到中枢神经系统，以及神经退行性疾病（例如阿尔茨海默病）和自身免疫性疾病（例如多发性硬化症）的发展。此外，CP 被证明对于恢复中风和创伤后的大脑稳态很重要。此外，最近还开发了CP乳头状瘤和癌的新诊断方法和治疗方法。本综述描述并总结了有关 CP 和 B-CSF 屏障在各类 CNS 疾病病理生理学中的作用的当前知识状况，并为进一步的研究奠定了基础。