Natural soundscapes correspond to the acoustical patterns produced by biological and geophysical sound sources at different spatial and temporal scales for a given habitat. This pilot study aims to characterize the temporal-modulation information available to humans when perceiving variations in soundscapes within and across natural habitats. This is addressed by processing soundscapes from a previous study [Krause, Gage, and Joo. (2011). Landscape Ecol. 26, 1247] via models of human auditory processing extracting modulation at the output of cochlear filters. The soundscapes represent combinations of elevation, animal, and vegetation diversity in four habitats of the biosphere reserve in the Sequoia National Park (Sierra Nevada, USA). Bayesian statistical analysis and support vector machine classifiers indicate that: (i) amplitude-modulation (AM) and frequency-modulation (FM) spectra distinguish the soundscapes associated with each habitat; and (ii) for each habitat, diurnal and seasonal variations are associated with salient changes in AM and FM cues at rates between about 1 and 100 Hz in the low (<0.5 kHz) and high (>1–3 kHz) audio-frequency range. Support vector machine classifications further indicate that soundscape variations can be classified accurately based on these perceptually inspired representations.

中文翻译：

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表征自然声景中的振幅和频率调制线索：对生物圈保护区四个栖息地的初步研究。

自然声景对应于给定栖息地在不同时空尺度上由生物和地球物理声源产生的声学模式。这项初步研究旨在表征当感知自然栖息地内部和整个自然栖息地之间的音景变化时，可供人类使用的时间调制信息。通过处理先前研究中的音景来解决此问题[Krause，Gage和Joo。（2011）。景观生态。26，[1247]通过人类听觉处理模型在耳蜗滤波器的输出处提取调制。声景代表了红杉国家公园（美国内华达山脉）生物圈保护区四个栖息地中海拔，动物和植被多样性的组合。贝叶斯统计分析和支持向量机分类器表明：（i）振幅调制（AM）和频率调制（FM）频谱区分与每个栖息地相关的声景；（ii）对于每个栖息地，在低频（<0.5 kHz）和高频（> 1-3 kHz）时，AM和FM信号的明显变化与AM和FM信号的显着变化相关，频率大约在1至100 Hz之间范围。