The present study exposed adult zebrafish to 0, 10, and 100 μg/L perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) with or without dietary supplement of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Interaction between probiotic and PFBS on sex endocrine and reproduction was investigated. It was striking to find that PFBS and probiotic coexposures almost ceased the fecundity, which was accompanied by disturbances in sex hormones and oocyte maturation in females. In contrast, probiotic additive efficiently antagonized the estrogenic activity of PFBS in males. For the first time, this study reported that probiotic heavily depended on sex to modulate the endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity of aquatic pollutants.

中文翻译：

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意外的发现：益生菌给药会大大加重全氟丁烷磺酸盐在斑马鱼中的生殖毒性。

本研究将成年斑马鱼暴露于0、10和100μg/ L的全氟丁烷磺酸盐（PFBS），无论是否添加益生菌鼠李糖乳杆菌饮食。研究了益生菌和PFBS在性内分泌和生殖方面的相互作用。令人惊讶的是发现PFBS和益生菌共同暴露几乎停止了繁殖力，并伴随着雌性激素和卵母细胞成熟的紊乱。相反，益生菌添加剂可有效拮抗男性PFBS的雌激素活性。这项研究首次报道，益生菌严重依赖性别来调节水生污染物的内分泌破坏和生殖毒性。