ABSTRACT 1 Avian influenza (AI) viruses primarily circulate in wild waterfowl populations and are occasionally transmitted to domestic poultry flocks. However, the possible roles of other wildlife species, such as wild mammals, in AI virus ecology have not been adequately addressed.2 Due to their habitat and behaviour, many wild mammals may be capable of transmitting pathogens among wild and domestic populations. Exposure to AI viruses has been reported in an array of wild and domestic animals. The presence of wild mammals on farms has been identified as a risk factor for at least one poultry AI outbreak in North America. These reports suggest the need for seroprevalence studies examining the exposure of wild mammals to AI viruses.3 Serological tests are routinely used to assess domestic poultry, domestic swine and human exposure to influenza A viruses, but these tests have not been validated for use in wild mammals. As such, some of these protocols may require adjustments or may be inappropriate for use in serology testing of wild mammals. Herein, we review these serological techniques and evaluate their potential usefulness in AI surveillance of wild mammals. We call for care to be taken when applying serological tests outside their original area of validation, and for continued assay verification for multiple species and virus strains.

中文翻译：

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监测野生哺乳动物的禽流感病毒暴露情况

摘要 1 禽流感 (AI) 病毒主要在野生水禽种群中传播，偶尔会传播到家禽群中。然而，其他野生动物物种（如野生哺乳动物）在 AI 病毒生态学中的可能作用尚未得到充分解决。 2 由于其栖息地和行为，许多野生哺乳动物可能能够在野生和家养种群之间传播病原体。据报道，在一系列野生动物和家养动物中暴露于 AI 病毒。农场中存在野生哺乳动物已被确定为北美至少发生一次禽流感爆发的风险因素。这些报告表明需要进行血清阳性率研究，以检查野生哺乳动物接触 AI 病毒的情况。 3 血清学检测通常用于评估家禽，家猪和人类暴露于 A 型流感病毒，但这些测试尚未验证可用于野生哺乳动物。因此，其中一些协议可能需要调整或可能不适用于野生哺乳动物的血清学测试。在此，我们回顾了这些血清学技术并评估了它们在野生哺乳动物 AI 监测中的潜在用途。我们呼吁在其原始验证区域之外应用血清学测试时要小心，并继续对多个物种和病毒株进行检测验证。我们回顾了这些血清学技术并评估了它们在野生哺乳动物人工智能监测中的潜在用途。我们呼吁在其原始验证区域之外应用血清学测试时要小心，并继续对多个物种和病毒株进行检测验证。我们回顾了这些血清学技术并评估了它们在野生哺乳动物人工智能监测中的潜在用途。我们呼吁在其原始验证区域之外应用血清学测试时要小心，并继续对多个物种和病毒株进行检测验证。