When an individual is exposed to a viral pathogen for the first time, the adaptive immune system is naive and cannot prevent virus replication. The consequence may be severe disease. At the same time, the host may rapidly generate a pathogen-specific immune response that will prevent disease if the virus is encountered again. Parvovirus B19 provides one such example. Children with sickle cell disease can experience life-threatening transient aplastic crisis when first exposed to parvovirus B19, but an effective immune response confers lifelong protection. We briefly examine the induction and benefits of virus-induced immunity. We focus on three human viruses for which there are no licensed vaccines (respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and parvovirus B19) and consider how virus-induced immunity may inform successful vaccine design.

中文翻译：

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以病毒诱导免疫为基础的疫苗设计。

当个体第一次接触病毒病原体时，适应性免疫系统是幼稚的，无法阻止病毒复制。其后果可能是严重的疾病。同时，宿主可能会迅速产生病原体特异性免疫反应，如果再次遇到病毒，可以预防疾病。细小病毒 B19 就是这样的一个例子。患有镰状细胞病的儿童首次接触细小病毒 B19 时可能会经历危及生命的短暂再生障碍性危象，但有效的免疫反应可提供终生保护。我们简要研究病毒诱导免疫的诱导和益处。我们重点关注三种尚未获得许可的疫苗的人类病毒（呼吸道合胞病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型和细小病毒 B19），并考虑病毒诱导的免疫如何为成功的疫苗设计提供信息。