Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 50–150 nm that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication through transportation of proteins, microRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs. Some components, such as miRNAs, have been proven to be involved in inflammation regulation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease resulting in articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deficiency. Complicated relationships between the breakdown of extracellular matrix and inflammation make it difficult to recover thoroughly. Current studies reported that exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can change disease evolution and protect the cartilage matrix in OA. In addition, exosomes obtained from human adipose derived stem cells downregulate inflammation and oxidative stress, which might mediate antisenescence in OA. The goal of this review is to describe and summarize the role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in OA, focusing on their potential mechanism and possible therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞外泌体在治疗骨关节炎中的作用。

外泌体是直径为50-150 nm的小细胞外囊泡（EV），通过蛋白质，microRNA，lncRNA和mRNA的运输在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。一些成分，例如miRNA，已被证明参与炎症调节。骨关节炎（OA）是一种进行性疾病，导致关节软骨变性和软骨下骨缺乏。细胞外基质的分解与炎症之间的复杂关系使其难以彻底恢复。当前的研究报道，间充质干细胞（MSCs）分泌的外泌体可以改变疾病的进展并保护OA中的软骨基质。另外，从人脂肪来源的干细胞获得的外泌体下调炎症和氧化应激，这可能介导OA的抗衰老。